Managing the financial risks of climate change and pandemics: What we know (and don't know).

The COVID-19 pandemic is generating the largest shock in the global economy since 1929. Although the pandemic has been unprecedented in scale and type, such complex, compounding shocks are not uncommon and are more likely in our modern, interconnected world. Our ability to assess and anticipate compounding risks is limited.

The Perfect Storm: How to Prepare against Climate Risk and Disaster Shocks in the Time of COVID-19.

As governments tackle the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recovery, broader institutional reforms should build shock-responsive systems for the future. The time is now to boost financial preparedness to climate risks and disasters.

An extended state-transition model for foot-and-mouth disease epidemics in France.

The dynamics of foot-and-mouth disease epidemics in France was examined through simulations based on an extended state-transition model. Contagion modelling depended on specific parameters: the so-called dissemination rates. Estimation of these parameters relied on a specific discrete-event simulation model.

Simulated economic consequences of foot-and-mouth disease epidemics and their public control in France.

The efficient management of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) epidemics in France was examined through a simulation model which combines epidemiological and economic modules. From the reactions of the importing countries in terms of the products subject to import bans and the regionalization commitments, the economic module assesses the financial consequences of FMD outbreaks borne not only by the breeding sector but also by the other economic sectors on regional and national levels. Among the control options for FMD, the strategy of stamping out infected herds and dangerous in-contact herds most often contributes to reducing the economic consequences of FMD epidemics.

Anserine bursitis and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To determine the relationship between non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), knee pain, and anserine bursitis, and its relation to sex, age, or body mass index (BMI).

Methods: Ninety-four consecutive patients with NIDDM, 66 women and 28 men, and 57 nondiabetic patients, 36 women and 22 men, were examined at an outpatient clinic of a tertiary care hospital. Date of onset in patients with NIDDM was noted, and serum was analyzed for either hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) or glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) in 69 of these patients.