Extreme heat risk and the potential implications for the scheduling of football matches at the 2026 FIFA World Cup.

Climate change is making extreme heat events more frequent and intense. This negatively impacts many aspects of society, including organised sport. As the world's most watched sporting event, the FIFA World Cup commands particular attention around the threat of extreme heat.

National survey reveals elastic price sensitivity for select equine veterinary services.

Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the price elasticity of demand for 3 common equine veterinary services: vaccinations (a routine service), lameness examinations (an elective service), and emergency colic surgery (an urgent service).

Methods: Data were collected via a nationwide online survey of horse owners from August 15 to September 11, 2023, eliciting their willingness to pay for each service. The link to the online survey was distributed through participating organizations' social media and email lists to the target audience of US residents aged ≥ 18 years who were financially responsible for at least 1 horse, pony, mule, or donkey.

Implementation of a mixed-methods heat acclimation programme in a professional soccer referee before the 2022 FIFA world cup in Qatar: a case study.

Objectives: This case study reports the real-world practicalities of implementing a mixed-methods heat acclimation (HA) programme before the 2022 FIFA World Cup.

Methods: One male English soccer referee (age: 44 years; height: 1.82 m; body mass: 76.

Heat-related changes in the velocity and kinetic energy of flowing blood influence the human heart's output during hyperthermia.

Passive whole-body hyperthermia increases limb blood flow and cardiac output ( ), but the interplay between peripheral and central thermo-haemodynamic mechanisms remains unclear. Here we tested the hypothesis that local hyperthermia-induced alterations in peripheral blood flow and blood kinetic energy modulate flow to the heart and . Body temperatures, regional (leg, arm, head) and systemic haemodynamics, and left ventricular (LV) volumes and functions were assessed in eight healthy males during: (1) 3 h control (normothermic condition); (2) 3 h of single-leg heating; (3) 3 h of two-leg heating; and (4) 2.