BRAF V600E mutation and MET amplification as resistance pathways of the second-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor alectinib in lung cancer.

Background: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) targeted therapies have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in ALK-positive lung adenocarcinomas. However, patients inevitably develop resistance to such therapies. To investigate novel mechanisms of resistance to second generation ALK inhibitors, we characterized and modeled ALK inhibitor resistance of ALK-positive patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models established from advanced-stage lung adenocarcinoma patients who have progressed on one or more ALK inhibitors.

Phase II Trial of Cabozantinib in Recurrent/Metastatic Endometrial Cancer: A Study of the Princess Margaret, Chicago, and California Consortia (NCI9322/PHL86).

Purpose: The relevance of the MET/hepatocyte growth factor pathway in endometrial cancer tumor biology supports the clinical evaluation of cabozantinib in this disease.

Patients And Methods: PHL86/NCI#9322 (NCT01935934) is a single arm study that evaluated cabozantinib (60 mg once daily) in women with endometrial cancer with progression after chemotherapy. Coprimary endpoints were response rate and 12-week progression-free-survival (PFS).

Correction to: Use of multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization to detect deletions in clinical tissue sections.

Figure 2 is incorrect in the original version of this article. The correct figure 2 is provided below.

Use of multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization to detect deletions in clinical tissue sections.

A variety of laboratory methods are available for the detection of deletions of tumor suppressor genes and losses of their proteins. The clinical utility of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the identification of deletions of tumor suppressor genes has previously been limited by difficulties in the interpretation of FISH signal patterns. The first deletion FISH assays using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections had to deal with a significant background level of signal losses affecting nuclei that are truncated by the cutting process of slide preparation.