Strong Association Between HIV Incidence and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 in Zambia and South Africa: Prospective Data From the HPTN 071 (PopART) Trial.

Background: Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2) is an important cofactor for HIV acquisition and transmission. Associations between the infections are reexamined in longitudinal data from an HIV prevention trial.

Methods: The HPTN 071 (PopART) trial evaluated a combination prevention intervention in 21 urban communities in Zambia and South Africa.

Autoantibodies directed against interferon alpha, nuclear antigens, cardiolipin, and beta 2 glycoprotein 1 are not induced by SARS-CoV-2 or associated with long COVID.

Introduction: Autoantibodies (AAbs) directed against interferon alpha (aIFNα), nuclear antigens (ANAs), anti-cardiolipin (aCL), and anti-beta 2 glycoprotein 1 (aβ2GP1), have been demonstrated to significantly correlate with the severity of acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection induces these AAbs and whether they are associated with long COVID remains unclear.

Methods: The potential induction of aIFNα, ANAs, aCL, and aβ2GP1 by SARS-CoV-2 was assessed by measuring these AAbs in 224 pre- and post-infection paired serum samples from the Johns Hopkins Hospital Emergency Department (JHHED).

The Trajectory of Antibody Responses One Year Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Indigenous Individuals in the Southwest United States.

SARS-CoV-2 antibody kinetics based on immunologic history is not fully understood. We analyzed anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid antibody responses following acute infection in a cohort of Indigenous persons. The models of peak concentrations and decay rates estimated that one year after infection, participants would serorevert for anti-nucleocapsid antibodies and remain seropositive for anti-spike antibodies.

Intra- and inter-subtype HIV diversity between 1994 and 2018 in southern Uganda: a longitudinal population-based study.

There is limited data on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) evolutionary trends in African populations. We evaluated changes in HIV viral diversity and genetic divergence in southern Uganda over a 24-year period spanning the introduction and scale-up of HIV prevention and treatment programs using HIV sequence and survey data from the Rakai Community Cohort Study, an open longitudinal population-based HIV surveillance cohort. (p24) and (gp41) HIV data were generated from people living with HIV (PLHIV) in 31 inland semi-urban trading and agrarian communities (1994-2018) and four hyperendemic Lake Victoria fishing communities (2011-2018) under continuous surveillance.