The disparity in pediatric spinal cord tumor clinical trials: A scoping review of registered clinical trials from 1989 to 2023.

Background: Spinal cord tumors (SCTs) comprise 10% of all central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Pediatric SCTs are often excluded and underrepresented in clinical trials though exclusion rates haven't been reported.

Methods: We reviewed all interventional clinical trials recruiting patients <21 years with SCTs on ClinicalTrials.

Overexpression of ameloblastin in secretory ameloblasts results in demarcated, hypomineralized opacities in enamel.

Developmental defects of the enamel manifest before tooth eruption and include amelogenesis imperfecta, a rare disease of underlying gene mutations, and molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), a prevalent disease in children originating from environmental and epigenetic factors. MIH enamel presents as the abnormal enamel marked by loss of translucency, demarcation between the healthy and affected enamel, and reduced mineral content. The pathophysiology of opaque, demarcated enamel lesions is not understood; however, the retention of enamel proteins in the matrix has been suggested.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex With Men: (Dis)connection to Social, Sexual, and Health Networks.

The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected HIV-positive cisgender men who have sex with men (MSM). Between May and June in 2020, we conducted one-on-one semi-structured qualitative interviews with 20 HIV-positive MSM aiming to describe their (dis)connection to social, sexual, and health networks during the COVID-19 pandemic. All participants relied on social support networks to manage pandemic-based distress, using computer-mediated communication as well as physical proximity.

The complicating role of pnictogen bond formation in the solution-phase and solid-state structures of the heavier pnictogen atranes.

The structure of the simplest stibatrane has been a mystery since it was first prepared in 1966. This study reports the preparation and characterization of two stibatranes from triethanolamine and triisopropanolamine. Solid state structures reveal macrocycles that contain favourable inter- and intramolecular pnictogen bonds.

Crystal structure and vibrational spectra of (2-isobutyrylamidophenyl)amine: a redox noninnocent ligand.

The molecular structure of (2-isobutyrylamidophenyl)amine (HL) has been determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The crystal packing of HL is governed by the N-H···O and C-H···O hydrogen-bonding and C-H···π stacking interactions between the vicinal molecules. The intermolecular interactions in the crystal structure of HL have been also examined via Hirshfeld surface analysis and fingerprint plots.