[Orbital radiographic anatomy. Part 1. The osseous orbit and its apex].

Objective: To study the characteristics of the osseous orbit and its apex in health.

Material And Methods: The computed tomography scans of 210 individuals (266 orbits) without orbital disease were examined.

Results: The paper presents linear indicators (horizontal input, vertical input, length) of the osseous orbit and its apex in health.

[Rationale for distinguishing the lipogenic form of thyroid orbitopathy].

Pathogenesis of lipogenic form of thyroid orbitopathy (TO) is presented. 172 patients with TO are presented, among them 47 males (93 orbits) and 125 females (250 orbits). Features of clinical manifestations of lipogenic form of TO are described.

[Is differential diagnosis between soft tissue paraneural lesions and optic nerve tumors using computer tomography possible?].

The results of computer tomogram images analysis of 32 patients (32 orbits) with soft tissue orbital tumors are presented. 22 patients appeared to have cavernous hemangioma, 10--optic nerve meningioma. The technique of three dimensional reconstruction of orbital soft tissue is described and its diagnostic value in patients with cavernous hemangioma and optic nerve meningioma is analyzed.

[Procedure for calculating the volume of the osseous orbit from the data of computed tomography].

The paper describes a simplified calculation procedure for the volume of the osseous orbit. The use of correction factors allowed the authors to show the appropriateness of calculation of the volume of the osseous orbit from 4-6 fragments instead of 45-55 ones, as had been accepted. The presented volume characteristics of the orbit may be used in the differential diagnosis of false and true exophthalmos and in the planning of orbital operations.

[Procedure for calculating the volume of the orbital fat to be removed at decompressive surgery in patients with endocrine ophthalmopathy].

The paper gives data of computed tomography in 100 patients (148 orbits) with edematous exophthalmos (lipogenic and mixed types). There is a relationship of the higher degree of exophthalmos to the increased orbital soft tissue contents. A procedure is described for the individual calculation of the amount of removed orbital fat during compressive operations, which considers both the individual features of the anatomic structure and existing exophthalmos.