Stroboscopic Tests for Thermalization of Electrons in Pump-Probe Experiments.

One of the goals of pump-probe spectroscopies is to determine how electrons relax after they have been driven out of equilibrium. It is challenging to determine how close electrons are to a thermal state solely by fitting their distribution to a Fermi-Dirac distribution. Instead, we propose that one compare the effective temperatures of both fermions and collective bosonic modes (derived from the fermions) to determine the distance from a thermal state.

[Method of treatment of combined injuries of the liver and spleen in children].

Since 1980 operations for combined injuries of the liver and spleen have been made on 57 children aged from 5 through 16 years. Autografting of splenic tissue into the liver wound was performed in 17 (29.8%) patients using an original technique developed in experiments.

Sealed-cell mercury resonance ionization imaging detector.

A sealed, compact mercury atomic-absorption resonance ionization imaging detector has been developed and evaluated. The sensitivity of the detector as well as its ability to form two-dimensional images has been demonstrated. Images of faint light (1000 photons) have been recorded by image summation.

Resonance ionization image detectors: basic characteristics and potential applications.

A type of spectrally selective imaging optical detector that is based on resonance ionization in an atomic vapor is proposed. It has the potential for improved spatial, spectral, and temporal resolutions compared with those of available techniques. Figures of merit are calculated and compared with those of existing techniques.

Narrow-band resonance-ionization and fluorescence imaging in a mercury-vapor cell.

Characteristics of a novel type of ultranarrow-band image detector have been experimentally studied. The principle of this new imaging approach is to detect a resonance-ionization and (or) fluorescence-imaging signal formed on a thin planar cell filled with atomic vapor. A planar vapor cell with a thickness of 1.