[Positive urine pneumococcal antigen test and vaccination].

Introduction And Objective: Although urine pneumococcal antigen is an useful test, it has false positives such as pneumococcal vaccination.

Material And Methods: Positive urine pneumococcal antigen in Hospital de Denia (January-February/2015). We studied epidemiological, radiological and microbiological variables as well as previous pneumococcal vaccination (neumo-23 and/or neumo-13).

[Use of different PCR-based techniques integrated into a non-tuberculous identification algorithm].

Introduction: The aim of the present work was to demonstrate the utility of a non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) identification algorithm, which integrates different PCR-based techniques and basic phenotypic features. Moreover, the algorithm for pattern restriction analysis of hsp65 (hsp65 PRA) interpretation has been updated.

Methods: The workflow chosen consisted of the identification by a DNA hybridization probe method, followed by PCR-restriction enzyme analysis of hsp65 (hsp65 PRA) in those isolates that cannot be identified by hybridization probes.

Diagnostic accuracy of a 16S ribosomal DNA gene-based molecular technique (RT-PCR, microarray, and sequencing) for bacterial meningitis, early-onset neonatal sepsis, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.

The diagnostic accuracy of a 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene-based molecular technique for bacterial meningitis (BM), early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS), and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is evaluated. The molecular approach gave better results for BM diagnosis: sensitivity (S) was 90.6% compared to 78.

Bacterial DNA in the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.

Background: Despite inoculation into blood culture bottles, ascitic fluid culture is negative in 50% of cases of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).

Aim: To determine whether 16S rDNA gene detection by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing increases the efficacy of culture in microbiological diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.

Methods: We prospectively included 55 consecutive spontaneous bacterial peritonitis episodes in cirrhotic patients, 20 cirrhotic patients with sterile ascites and 27 patients with neoplasic ascites.

Lymphadenopathy caused by Mycobacterium colombiense.

We report the case of a 3-year-old girl with lymphadenopathy caused by the recently described species Mycobacterium colombiense. M. colombiense is a nonpigmented slow grower that is included in the Mycobacterium avium complex.