A lineage usually associated with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) serotypes is the most common cause of serotype 35B invasive disease in South Africa, following routine use of PCV.

Pneumococcal serotype 35B is an important non-conjugate vaccine (non-PCV) serotype. Its continued emergence, post-PCV7 in the USA, was associated with expansion of a pre-existing 35B clone (clonal complex [CC] 558) along with post-PCV13 emergence of a non-35B clone previously associated with PCV serotypes (CC156). This study describes lineages circulating among 35B isolates in South Africa before and after PCV introduction.

In-vitro activity of fosfomycin against and bloodstream isolates and frequency of OXA-48, NDM, KPC, VIM, IMP types of carbapenemases in the carbapenem-resistant groups.

The aim of this study was to determine the in-vitro activity of fosfomycin against () and () isolates and the frequency of OXA-48, NDM, KPC, VIM, IMP types of carbapenemases in the carbapenem-resistant (CR) groups. A total of 346 isolates (126 and 220  from nosocomial bloodstream infections were included. Carbapenem and fosfomycin susceptibility were tested by Etest (bioMerieux, France) and agar dilution methods, respectively and evaluated in accordance with EUCAST criteria.

Prevalence of O25b-ST131 clone and fosfomycin resistance in urinary Escherichia coli isolates and their relation to CTX-M determinant.

Escherichia coli ST131 clone and H30-R/H30-Rx subclones are the most common multidrug-resistant high-risk clones in UTIs. Antimicrobial susceptibility of fosfomycin was compared to five other agents in consecutively collected 299 urinary isolates using the agar dilution method. Prevalence of the ST131 clone and the occurrence of blaCTX-M were also investigated.

[Existence of Biofilm and Biofilm-Associated Virulence Genes in Multi-Drug Resistant Invasive Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates].

Acinetobacter baumannii is a multi-drug resistant (MDR) gram-negative pathogen leading to nosocomial infections. Hospital-acquired infections due to A.baumannii occur especially in patients hospitalized in intensive care units.

Levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in cystic fibrosis patients with or without gingivitis.

Background: Inflammatory periodontal diseases are caused by interaction between gram negative, anaerobic bacteria and host response. Persistent infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients also cause increased pro-inflammatory response and the imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory response in brochoalveolar lavage fluid which leads to destruction of lungs. The aim of this study is to evaluate periodontal status of CF patients, to measure level of cytokines and biochemical molecules in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and to detect presence of P.