Detection of hyaluronidase RNA and activity in urine of schistosomal and non-schistosomal bladder cancer.

Diagnosis of bladder cancer is done by cystoscopy and cytology. In the last decade, many urine-based tests for bladder cancer have been developed and tested in different populations. Hence, it was relevant to assess the diagnostic significance of urinary hyaluronidase RNA and its enzyme activity in bladder cancer.

Aberrant methylation of RARbeta2 and APC genes in voided urine as molecular markers for early detection of bilharzial and nonbilharzial bladder cancer.

Background: Bladder cancer cells illustrate major disruptions in their DNA methylation patterns as compared with normal ones. Authors aimed to identify epigenetic molecular markers in urine for early detection of bladder cancer.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the methylation status of RARβ(2) and APC genes in urine samples from 210 bladder cancer patients, 61 patients with benign urological diseases, and 49 healthy volunteers by using methylation-specific PCR.

Expression of HYAL1 and survivin RNA as diagnostic molecular markers for bladder cancer.

Purpose: Urinary tumor markers that help in the early detection of bladder cancer promise a significant improvement in sensitivity, specificity and convenience over conventional, invasive diagnostic tests. We assessed the diagnostic efficacy of hyaluronidase (HYAL1) and survivin for early bladder cancer detection.

Materials And Methods: The study included 166 patients diagnosed with bladder carcinoma, 112 with benign bladder lesions and 100 healthy volunteers who served as controls.

Detection of bladder carcinoma by combined testing of urine for hyaluronidase and cytokeratin 20 RNAs.

Background: A new, sensitive, noninvasive method for the detection of urothelial carcinomas of the urinary bladder would open new possibilities in both the diagnosis and followup of patients.

Methods: This study included 228 patients diagnosed with bladder carcinoma, 68 patients with benign bladder lesions, and 44 healthy persons served as the control group. All were subjected to: serologic schistosomiasis antibody assay in serum, urine cytology, estimation of urine hyaluronic acid (HA) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and detection of CK-20 and hyaluronidase (HAase) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in urothelial cells from voided urine.

Cell cycle regulators in bladder cancer: relationship to schistosomiasis.

Dysregulation of cell cycle control may lead to genomic instability, neoplastic transformation and tumor progression. In terms of the particular roles in regulation of the cell-cycle, p21(WAF1) causes growth arrest through inhibition of cyclin-dependant kinases required for G1/S transition. P16 (INK4A) and p15 (INK4B) are thought to act as tumor suppressors, since their inactivation and/or deletion are observable in various types of malignancies.