[MINERAL BONE DENSITY AND BODY COMPOSITION IN PARTICIPANTS IN EXPERIMENT MARS-500].

Investigations of the bone system and body composition in Mars-500 test-subjects (prior to and on completion of the experiment) involved dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) using the HOLOGIC Delphy densitometer and the protocol performed to examine cosmonauts. Bone density of lumber vertebrae and femoral proximal epiphysis, and body composition were measured. Reliable changes in vertebral density found in 3 test-subjects displayed different trends from +2.

[Changes in bone structure according to the results of investigations on biosatellites of the "BION" series].

Noninvasive technologies of bone investigations measure largely the main skeletal sites and are not quite suitable to have a look at the bone internal organization in situ. However, there are data obtained noninvasively in experiments on board the space biosatellites. The review is dedicated to analysis and comparison of the evidence for the bone organic and mineral matrix restructuring due to microgravity.

Bone ultrastructural changes in Bion 11 rhesus monkeys.

Iliac crest biopsies of Bion 11 monkeys were examined by electron microscopy. The flight samples contained a large number of inactive osteoblasts. Together with ultrastructural changes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex, the predominance of inactive osteoblasts pointed to a lower rate of specific syntheses.