Communication between DNA and nucleotide binding sites facilitates stepping by the RecBCD helicase.

Double-strand DNA breaks are the severest type of genomic damage, requiring rapid response to ensure survival. RecBCD helicase in prokaryotes initiates processive and rapid DNA unzipping, essential for break repair. The energetics of RecBCD during translocation along the DNA track are quantitatively not defined.

Personal hygiene, environmental conditions, and toilet use of children in primary schools: A cohort study.

Background: Many primary school children withhold urine and stool whilst at school for various reasons. Limited toilet access and the failure to provide safe, sanitary toilets are putting children at risk for toilet avoidance behavior.

Objective: We aimed to examine personal hygiene, environmental conditions, the perception of these on children, and their toilet use in primary schools.

Dietary Energy Restriction Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of neurological damage in young people. It was previously reported that dietary restriction, by either intermittent fasting (IF) or daily caloric restriction (CR), could protect neurons against dysfunction and degeneration in animal models of stroke and Parkinson's disease. Recently, several studies have shown that the protein Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) plays a significant role in the induced neuroprotection following dietary restriction.

The Earliest Lead Object in the Levant.

In the deepest section of a large complex cave in the northern Negev desert, Israel, a bi-conical lead object was found logged onto a wooden shaft. Associated material remains and radiocarbon dating of the shaft place the object within the Late Chalcolithic period, at the late 5th millennium BCE. Based on chemical and lead isotope analysis, we show that this unique object was made of almost pure metallic lead, likely smelted from lead ores originating in the Taurus range in Anatolia.