Assessing Surgical Competency Among Fellows in Vitreoretinal Surgery: A Survey of Fellowship Program Directors and Fellows.

Purpose: We surveyed vitreoretinal (VR) fellowship program directors (PDs) to elucidate how they assess surgical competency among VR fellows. In addition, we also surveyed fellowship program graduates for the years 2022 and 2023 regarding assessment metrics and tools used during VR fellowship training.

Design: Web-based, cross-sectional descriptive study.

Surgical Outcomes for Vertebral Body Hemangiomas With Compressive Symptoms: An Institutional Experience.

Background Vertebral hemangiomas (VHs) are benign vascular tumors commonly found within the vertebral bodies of the spine. While most VHs remain asymptomatic and are often discovered incidentally during imaging studies, a subset can become symptomatic, leading to clinical challenges. The optimal treatment approach for symptomatic VHs remains a topic of debate.

Pharmacological management of pediatric metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Pediatric obesity, characterized by a body mass index (BMI) at or above the 95th percentile for age, affects a substantial number of children and adolescents worldwide. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, represents a prominent hepatic manifestation of obesity and metabolic syndrome, emerging as the most prevalent hepatic disorder among pediatric patients and a significant contributor to liver transplantation in adults. The escalating prevalence of pediatric MASLD mirrors the alarming rise in childhood obesity rates over recent decades.

OUTCOMES IN EYES WITH RETAINED LENS FRAGMENTS UNDERGOING PARS PLANA LENSECTOMY AND SCLERAL-FIXATED INTRAOCULAR LENS INSERTION.

Purpose: To report the visual outcomes and complications in eyes with retained lens fragments following cataract surgery undergoing pars plana lensectomy and scleral-fixated intraocular lens (SFIOL) insertion.

Methods: Patients with retained lens fragments who underwent pars plana vitrectomy, pars plana lensectomy, and SFIOL insertion from January 2015 to December 2022 were included. The visual acuity outcomes and complication rates were compared between those receiving sutured versus sutureless SFIOL insertion as well as those undergoing SFIOL insertion at the time of pars plana vitrectomy and pars plana lensectomy versus those undergoing SFIOL insertion during subsequent surgery.