Skeletal site-dependent expression of the androgen receptor in human osteoblastic cell populations.

There are obvious sexual differences in adult skeletal morphology which for the most part are related to differences in size. Higher androgen serum levels in males exert potent osteoanabolic effects and therefore may contribute to this sexual dimorphism of the skeleton. The presence of androgen receptors (AR) in bone cells is a prerequisite for a direct osteoanabolic action of androgens.

[Accidental finding: the small, differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Report of 46 thyroid carcinomas of up to 15 mm diameter].

Review of 190 cases of thyroid carcinoma between 1974 and 1981 showed an increasing rate of small papillary carcinoma. The study included 46 tumors which did not exceed 15 mm in diameter. Most of these lesions (3/4) were discovered incidentally at thyroid operations of various types.

[Skip technique as a variant of moving field irradiation].

The skip-technique may be used either for screening or lessening the radiation load to sensitive sound organs or for an adjusted formation of the isodoses or for both. To show the possibilities of application of this elegant and quite practicable method, some examples are reported concerning spondylous processes, para-aortic lymph nodes and tumors in the small pelvis. The loss of radiation dose because of the additional opening and closing procedure of the diaphragm demands a correction of the duration of irradiation.