Development and validation of a short screener to evaluate adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Cancer Prevention Recommendations.

Background And Aims: Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) Cancer Prevention Recommendations is associated with reduced risk for cancer and all-cause mortality. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a short screener to assess adherence to these guidelines.

Methods: The study was divided into two phases: Screener development (Phase I) and a validation study (Phase II).

Pasta Consumption and Cardiometabolic Risks in Older Adults with Overweight/Obesity: A Longitudinal Analysis.

Objective: Low Glycemic Index (GI) diets improve cardiometabolic risk (CMR) specifically in those with insulin resistance. However, the prospective association between pasta (a low GI staple) consumption and CMR is unclear. We evaluated the longitudinal association of pasta consumption with CMR (after 2 y: body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP); after 1 y: fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides) in ∼6000 older adults (50% women) at high CMR.

Urinary tartaric acid as a biomarker of wine consumption and cardiovascular risk: the PREDIMED trial.

Background And Aims: Moderate wine consumption has been associated with lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in older populations. However, wine consumption information through self-reports is prone to measurement errors inherent to subjective assessments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between urinary tartaric acid, an objective biomarker of wine consumption, and the rate of a composite clinical CVD event.

Effect of bariatric surgery on HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity.

Background: Bariatric surgery (BS) is the most effective intervention for severe obesity, leading to sustained weight loss, reduced obesity-related comorbidities, and cardiovascular mortality.

Aim: To assess changes in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) functions [cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) and anti-inflammatory capacity] at different follow-up times in patients with severe obesity undergoing BS.

Methods: A prospective observational study within a cohort of consecutively enrolled patients with severe obesity scheduled to undergo BS.

Faecal microbiota composition and impulsivity in a cohort of older adults with metabolic syndrome.

Impulsivity is an important determinant of human behaviour, affecting self-control, reasonable thinking and food choices. Recent evidence suggests a role for gut microbiota in human behaviour, but the relationship between gut microbiota and impulsive behaviours remains largely unexplored. To address this knowledge gap, the present study aims to explore the associations between faecal microbiota composition with trait and behavioural impulsivity, in a subcohort of the PREDIMED-Plus trial, including older adults presenting overweight/obesity.