Uncertainty in REDD+ carbon accounting: a survey of experts involved in REDD+ reporting.

Background: Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) is a program established under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to reduce carbon emissions from forests in developing countries. REDD+ uses an incentive-based approach whereby participating countries are paid to reduce forest carbon loss and increase carbon storage. Country-level carbon accounting is challenging, and estimates of uncertainty in emission reductions are increasingly required in REDD+ reports.

Differentiation activates mitochondrial OPA1 processing in myoblast cell lines.

Mitochondrial optic atrophy-1 (OPA1) plays key roles in adapting mitochondrial structure to bioenergetic function. When transmembrane potential across the inner membrane (Δψ) is intact, long (L-OPA1) isoforms shape the inner membrane through membrane fusion and the formation of cristal junctions. When Δψ is lost, however, OPA1 is cleaved to short, inactive S-OPA1 isoforms by the OMA1 metalloprotease, disrupting mitochondrial structure and priming cellular stress responses such as apoptosis.

OMA1-Mediated Mitochondrial Dynamics Balance Organellar Homeostasis Upstream of Cellular Stress Responses.

In response to cellular metabolic and signaling cues, the mitochondrial network employs distinct sets of membrane-shaping factors to dynamically modulate organellar structures through a balance of fission and fusion. While these organellar dynamics mediate mitochondrial structure/function homeostasis, they also directly impact critical cell-wide signaling pathways such as apoptosis, autophagy, and the integrated stress response (ISR). Mitochondrial fission is driven by the recruitment of the cytosolic dynamin-related protein-1 (DRP1), while fusion is carried out by mitofusins 1 and 2 (in the outer membrane) and optic atrophy-1 (OPA1) in the inner membrane.

Automated Measurement of Lumbar Lordosis on Radiographs Using Machine Learning and Computer Vision.

Study Design: Cross sectional database study.

Objective: To develop a fully automated artificial intelligence and computer vision pipeline for assisted evaluation of lumbar lordosis.

Methods: Lateral lumbar radiographs were used to develop a segmentation neural network (n = 629).

The Effects of Preoperative Steroid Therapy on Perioperative Morbidity and Mortality After Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort analysis.

Objectives: To identify the effects of preoperative steroid therapy on 30-day perioperative complications after adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery.

Summary Of Background Data: Chronic steroid therapy has demonstrated therapeutic effects in the treatment of various medical conditions but is also known to be associated with surgical complications.