Progress in the experimental and computational methods of work function evaluation of materials: A review.

The work function, which determines the behaviour of electrons in a material, remains a crucial factor in surface science to understand the corrosion rates and interfacial engineering in making photosensitive and electron-emitting devices. The present article reviews the various experimental methods and theoretical models employed for work function measurement along with their merits and demerits are discussed. Reports from the existing methods of work function measurements that Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is the most suitable measurement technique over other experimental methods.

Meeting sustainable development goals via robotics and autonomous systems.

Robotics and autonomous systems are reshaping the world, changing healthcare, food production and biodiversity management. While they will play a fundamental role in delivering the UN Sustainable Development Goals, associated opportunities and threats are yet to be considered systematically. We report on a horizon scan evaluating robotics and autonomous systems impact on all Sustainable Development Goals, involving 102 experts from around the world.

First Report of Bacterial Leaf Scald of Plum Caused by in Texas.

is the etiological agent of Plum Leaf Scald (Greco et al. 2021). The disease was first reported in Argentina (Fernandez-Valiela et al.

Expression and Functional Analysis of the Type III Secretion System Effector Repertoire of the Xylem Pathogen on Cucurbits.

The predicted repertoire of type III secretion system effectors (T3SEs) in , causal agent of cucurbit bacterial wilt, is much larger than in xylem pathogens in the closely related genera and . The genomes of strains BHKY and SCR3, which represent distinct clades, encode at least 6 clade-specific and 12 shared T3SEs. The strains expressed the majority of the T3SE genes examined in planta.