B Cells With Complementary B Cell Receptors Can Kill Each Other.

B cells differentiate from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow (BM) and migrate as transitional cells to the spleen where final maturation takes place. Due to the enormous diversity in variable (V) regions of B cell receptors for antigen (BCR), B cells with complementary BCRs are likely to be generated. These could encounter each other in the BM or in secondary lymphoid organs.

The Atlantic Cod MHC I compartment has the properties needed for cross-presentation in the absence of MHC II.

Atlantic cod has a peculiar immune system, characterized by the loss of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II pathway, and an extreme expansion of the MHC class I gene repertoire. This has led to the hypothesis that some of the MHC I variants have replaced MHC II by presenting exogenous-peptides in a process similar to cross-presentation. In mammals, MHC I loads endogenous antigens in the endoplasmic reticulum, but we recently found that different Atlantic cod MHC I gene variants traffic to endolysosomes.

Differential Talin cleavage in transformed and non-transformed cells and its consequences.

This study investigates differences in focal adhesion (FA) morphology and Talin cleavage levels between transformed and non-transformed cell lines. Utilizing fluorescently tagged wild-type Talin and Talin mutants with calpain cleavage site mutations, FA structures were visualized. Mutations in different Talin cleavage sites showed varying impacts on FA morphology and distribution across melanoma cell lines (Meljuso, A375P, A2058) and a non-transformed cell line (HFF).

Clean air in Europe for all! Taking stock of the proposed revision to the ambient air quality directives: a joint ERS, HEI and ISEE workshop report.

Ambient air pollution is a major public health concern and comprehensive new legislation is currently being considered to improve air quality in Europe. The European Respiratory Society (ERS), Health Effects Institute (HEI), and International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE) organised a joint meeting on May 24, 2023 in Brussels, Belgium, to review and critically evaluate the latest evidence on the health effects of air pollution and discuss ongoing revisions of the European Ambient Air Quality Directives (AAQDs). A multi-disciplinary expert group of air pollution and health researchers, patient and medical societies, and policy representatives participated.

Rai14 is a novel interactor of Invariant chain that regulates macropinocytosis.

Invariant chain (Ii, CD74) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that acts as a chaperone and facilitates the folding and transport of MHC II chains. By assisting the assembly and subcellular targeting of MHC II complexes, Ii has a wide impact on the functions of antigen-presenting cells such as antigen processing, endocytic maturation, signal transduction, cell migration, and macropinocytosis. Ii is a multifunctional molecule that can alter endocytic traffic and has several interacting molecules.