Pathology and molecular detection of influenza A subtype H9N2 virus in commercial poultry in Nigeria, 2024.

Background: After the first Avian Influenza H5N1 outbreak in Nigerian poultry in 2006, subsequent waves of outbreaks occurred, causing substantial losses. Despite effective control measures by 2008, a resurgence in 2015 led to further losses and required depopulation efforts.

Aim: The aim of this study was to do pathology and molecular detection of influenza A subtype H9N2 virus in commercial poultry in Nigeria during 2024.

Serological evidence of tick-borne Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever and Dugbe orthonairovirus infections in cattle in Kwara State in northern Nigeria indicate independent endemics.

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV) and Dugbe orthonairovirus (DUGV) are zoonotic viruses transmitted by ticks. Whereas CCHFV has caused numerous human cases, DUGV, although less reported, shares ticks and ruminants as hosts. Since its first discovery in Nigeria in 1964, there has been no detailed sero-epidemiological investigation on DUGV in sub-Saharan Africa.

Geographic Differences in Pediatric Surgical Mortality in Canada: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: This study describes differences in postoperative mortality for pediatric patients in rural communities compared to urban communities.

Background: Canada has the second largest land mass in the world, with a population density of 4 people per km. There are 18 children's hospitals in Canada offering pediatric surgical services, all in urban centres, yet nearly one-fifth of the population lives in rural or remote communities.

Optimizing Implementation of the Neonatal Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Guideline.

Introduction: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) protocols require multidisciplinary team engagement from healthcare professionals (HCPs), where limited studies exist on neonatal ERAS®protocols. Therefore, we aimed to capture perceptions of HCPs on facilitation and implementation of the neonatal ERAS®guideline.

Methods: 10 neonates were recruited.

Surgical Cancellations and Postponements by Surgeon and Patient Sex: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Alberta, Canada.

Objective: The objective of this work was to estimate the association between surgeon sex with surgical postponements or cancellations.

Summary Background Data: Female surgeons receive lower hourly, per patient, and total compensation than their male colleagues. Bias in the decision to postpone or cancel surgical cases may contribute to compensation inequality, since this results in unpaid surgeon time.