A novel diclofenac-hydrogel conjugate system for intraarticular sustained release: Development of 2-pyridylamino-substituted 1-phenylethanol (PAPE) and its derivatives as tunable traceless linkers.

A local sustained-release drug delivery system, or depot, for intra-articular injection offers the opportunity to release a therapeutic agent directly to the joint with limited need for reinjection. A successful system would provide more consistent efficacy and minimize systemic side effects. In this paper, we explore the potential use of diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, for use in a polymer-conjugate depot system.

Stereospecific Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling of potassium alkenyltrifluoroborates with alkyl halides.

A general method for the alkenylation of alkyl electrophiles using nearly stoichiometric amounts of the air- and moisture-stable potassium organotrifluoroborates has been developed. Various functional groups were tolerated on both the nucleophilic and electrophilic partner. Reactions of highly substituted E- and Z-alkenyltrifluoroborates, as well as vinyl- and propenyltrifluoroborates, were successful, and no loss of stereochemistry or regiochemistry was observed.

A convergent, modular approach to functionalized 2,1-borazaronaphthalenes from 2-aminostyrenes and potassium organotrifluoroborates.

Azaborines are an important class of compounds with applications in both medicinal chemistry and materials science. The first borazaronaphthalene, 2-chloro-2,1-borazaronaphthalene, was reported in 1959; however, access to more highly functionalized substructures has been limited because of the harsh reaction conditions required to displace the chloride on boron. A convergent approach has been developed to synthesize disubstituted 2,1-borazaronaphthalenes from N-substituted 2-aminostyrenes and potassium organotrifluoroborates, where the potassium organotrifluoroborate is converted to the active R-BX2 species (X = Cl or F) in situ by addition of a fluorophile.

Synthesis and applications of α-trifluoromethylated alkylboron compounds.

RBF3 K is a chemist's BFF: A metal-free synthetic route to unprecedented organoboron compounds bearing an α-trifluoromethyl substituent, employing a variety of trifluoroborate (RBF3 K) starting materials, is reported. These substrates represent the first isolated α-trifluoromethylated alkylboron building blocks, and these reagents lead to a variety of useful bench-stable, synthetic intermediates. Pin=pinacol.

Nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of potassium aryl- and heteroaryltrifluoroborates with unactivated alkyl halides.

A method for the cross-coupling of alkyl electrophiles with various potassium aryl- and heteroaryltrifluoroborates has been developed. Nearly stoichiometric amounts of organoboron species could be employed to cross-couple a large variety of challenging heteroaryl nucleophiles. Several functional groups were tolerated on both the electrophilic and the nucleophilic partners.