Cholera in United States associated with epidemic in Hispaniola.

Cholera is rare in the United States (annual average 6 cases). Since epidemic cholera began in Hispaniola in 2010, a total of 23 cholera cases caused by toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 have been confirmed in the United States. Twenty-two case-patients reported travel to Hispaniola and 1 reported consumption of seafood from Haiti.

Effect of L-glutamine supplementation on impaired glucose regulation during intravenous lipid administration.

In contrast to L-glutamine, lipid emulsions are routinely administered to patients receiving nutritional support. The provision of fat during intravenous feeding is essential, but the potentially toxic byproducts of fatty acid oxidation may have adverse metabolic consequences. In the present study, we have examined the effect of L-glutamine, an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation, on the development of defective blood glucose regulation caused by a 48-hour infusion of 10% intralipid in rats.

Glutathione-mediated preservation and enhancement of isolated perifused islet function.

It has been shown that myocardial tissue function may be better preserved if antioxidants are incorporated into the reoxygenation medium at the end of the ischemic period following isolation of the organ. Although isolated pancreatic islets are prone to ischemic-reperfusion injury, it is not clear if antioxidants have a role in the preservation of their function. The purpose of the present study, therefore, was to examine the effect of the addition of glutathione (GSH) to a physiologic incubation medium on pancreatic islet response to glucose stimulation.

Defective glucose-stimulated insulin release from perifused islets of C57BL/6J mice.

Previous work has shown that the C57BL/6J (BL/6) mouse strain develops type 2 diabetes after being fed a high-fat, high-simple carbohydrate (HFHSC) diet. In contrast, the AJ mouse strain does not. The aim of the present study was to determine if differences in the insulin secretory characteristics of isolated perifused islets of these animals could help explain why the BL/6 mouse develops diet-induced diabetes.

Effect of fatty acids on insulin release: role of chain length and degree of unsaturation.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the role played by structural differences among fatty acids in their effect on insulin secretion by isolated perifused murine islets. Insulin secretion measured by radioimmunoassay was assessed either as total insulin output (ng.6 islets-1.