Characterization of the bacterial biodiversity in Pico cheese (an artisanal Azorean food).

This work presents the first study on the bacterial communities in Pico cheese, a traditional cheese of the Azores (Portugal), made from raw cow's milk. Pyrosequencing of tagged amplicons of the V3-V4 regions of the 16S rDNA and Operational Taxonomic Unit-based (OTU-based) analysis were applied to obtain an overall idea of the microbiota in Pico cheese and to elucidate possible differences between cheese-makers (A, B and C) and maturation times. Pyrosequencing revealed a high bacterial diversity in Pico cheese.

Effect of corn supplementation of grass finishing of Holstein bulls on fatty acid composition of meat lipids.

Finishing Holstein young bulls exclusively on pasture generally results in very lean carcass and meat, but corn supplementation is expected to simultaneously improve carcass traits and intramuscular lipids (IML). The expected increase in IML would allow for a larger 18:2c9,t11 (CLA) deposition in meat without affecting the n-3 PUFA present in LM phospholipids (PL). Holstein bulls (n = 33) with initial BW of 423 ± 52.

Consumption of high energy maize diets is associated with increased soluble collagen in muscle of Holstein bulls.

The aim was to investigate whether energy supplementation of gazing bulls can influence collagen concentration and solubility in three different muscles: longissimus dorsi (LD), semitendinosus (ST) and supraspinatus (SS). Thirty three Holstein bulls aged 15 months and reared on grass, were randomly assigned to three treatment groups for 85 days: fed grass ad libitum (G1-control); fed grass ad libitum and supplemented with 4 kg day(-1) of ground maize (G2); fed grass ad libitum and supplemented with 8 kg day(-1) of ground maize (G3). Total collagen content did not differ (P>0.

Rumen biohydrogenation-derived fatty acids in milk fat from grazing dairy cows supplemented with rapeseed, sunflower, or linseed oils.

The effects of supplementation with rapeseed, sunflower, and linseed oils (0.5 kg/d; good sources of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids, respectively) on milk responses and milk fat fatty acid (FA) profile, with special emphasis on rumen-derived biohydrogenation intermediates (BI), were evaluated in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square study using 16 grazing dairy cows. The dietary treatments were 1) control diet: 20-h access to grazing pasture supplemented with 5 kg/d of corn-based concentrate mixture (96% corn; CC); 2) RO diet: 20-h access to grazing supplemented with 4.

Effects of grass silage and soybean meal supplementation on milk production and milk fatty acid profiles of grazing dairy cows.

The effects of supplementation with grass silage and replacement of some corn in the concentrate with soybean meal (SBM) on milk production, and milk fatty acid (FA) profiles were evaluated in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square study using 16 dairy cows grazing pasture composed of ryegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, and white clover. Each experimental period lasted for 3 wk. The 4 dietary treatments were PC, 20 h of access to grazing pasture, supplemented with 6 kg/d of corn-based concentrate mixture (96% corn; C); PCSB, 20 h of access to grazing pasture, supplemented with 6 kg/d of corn- and SBM-based concentrate mixture (78% corn and 18% SBM; CSB); SC, 7 h of access to grazing pasture during the day and 13 h of ad libitum access to grass silage at night, supplemented with 6 kg/d of C concentrate; and SCSB, 7 h of access to grazing pasture during the day and 13 h of ad libitum access to grass silage at night, supplemented with 6 kg/d of CSB concentrate.