[Safety and efficacy of Relatox in comparison with Dysport in the treatment of focal spasticity of the upper limb in patients after stroke and traumatic brain injury (results of a prospective simple blind randomized comparative study in parallel groups)].

Objective: Evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of Relatox, botulinum toxin type A in patients with focal spasticity (FS) of the upper limb as a result of a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Material And Methods: A multicenter, prospective, single-blinded, randomized, comparative clinical study included 210 patients of both sexes aged 18-75 years after moderate to severe TBI and CVA in seven sites in the Russian Federation. The patients were randomized into two groups.

[Algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of cognitive impairment and dysphagia in stroke patients].

Stroke is a socially significant neurological disease, the second most common cause of disability and mortality. A wide range of neurological problems that occur after stroke: cognitive, motor, speech, and language disfunction, neuropsychiatric, swallowing disorders and others, complicate rehabilitation, impair social and everyday adaptation, and reduce the quality of life of patients and their caregivers. Cognitive impairment (CI) is one of the most significant and common complications of stroke.

[Experience of using rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation, extracorporeal shock wave therapy and botulinotherapy in individual motor recovery programs in patients with spastic paresis of the lower limb].

Walking disorder is one of the most frequent consequences of stroke and traumatic brain injury, occurring in 80% of cases. Spastic paresis of the muscles of the lower extremity is the cause formed in 20-40% of patients within a few weeks after brain damage. In this case, a complex of symptoms occurs: motor deficiency (muscle paresis), increased muscle tone (spasticity), biomechanical changes in muscles, joints and surrounding tissues, contractures.

[Safety and efficacy of the Relatox in the treatment of patients with cervical dystonia (results of a multicenter simple blind comparative randomized study)].

Objective: The analysis of evaluation of the efficacy and safety of Relatox in patients with cervical dystonia (CD).

Material And Methods: Russian multicenter simple comparative randomized clinical trial. The study involved 180 patients of both sexes aged 18-65 years from 3 research centers of the Russian Federation.

[Stroke-induced nosocomial pneumonia in the acute period of cerebral hemorrhage: clinical pathogenic and age-associated aspects].

The article presents the clinical features of stroke-induced nosocomial pneumonia and interleukin-1alpha level monitoring in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of 100 patients with cerebral hemorrhage on the 1st, 3rd and 10th day. The authors show that 66% of patients with cerebral hemorrhage develop nosocomial pneumonia since the end of 2nd up to 5th day of conservative hospital treatment, more frequently in the serious cases with high level of neurological deficiency. The most important risk factors of stroke-induced nosocomial pneumonia are chronic focal infection, diabetes mellitus, cardiac failure, smoking, obesity.