Publications by authors named "O A Gomazkov"

The literature on a role of signaling molecules in the organization of memory and cognitive functions is analyzed basing on mechanisms of memory physiology determined by a complex of biochemical processes initiated by the transmission of the signal to the synapse and completed by the synthesis of functionally significant molecules in the neuronal genetic apparatus. The center of these processes is a coordinated system of signal transduction, transcription, epigenetic and neurotrophic molecules. The dissonance of signal mechanisms is a prime cause of memory impairment and cognitive dysfunction as social maladaptation factors.

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Neurotrophic drug cortexin, a lyophilized extraction of animal cortex, comprises neuropeptides, amino acids and trace elements. The nucleoprotein complexes of the cerebral cortex can also retain elements of chromatin with DNA fragments. All of these components of cortexin have a specific range of "targets" for the specific correction of the molecular and cellular processes at various stages of the pathological process.

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At present, epigenetic regulation is considered as a dynamic mechanism by means of which cells realize adaptive response to signals from both the inner medium and environment. DNA methylation, as bidirectional balance of the activity of histone-acetylation and -deacetylation (HDAC) enzymes, determines the conformation of chromatin thus playing the main role in "appropriate" gene expression. HDACs represent emerging therapeutic targets in the context of treating various forms of neurological and mental illness.

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The results of recent publications on a role of stem cells in the processes of neurogenesis, adaptation and neuroplasticity are summarized. An aim of the paper was to present evidence for a possibility of development and regeneration of cellular elements in the adult brain in normality and pathology. The latter was driven by the discussion of the studies on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia and affective disorders.

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The review is devoted to pharmacological effects and clinical effectiveness of one of the "oldest" neurocytoprotective drugs cerebrolysin. Experimental data that have revealed molecular mechanisms of the drug action as well as the results of clinical trials demonstrating the efficacy of cerebrolysin in the treatment of acute and chronic brain ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, moderate and mild cognitive disorders are described in details. It has been concluded that the efficacy o this drug has been supported by fundamental research, using animal models and cell cultures, and multiple clinical trials in patients with different pathologies.

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