H3K36 methylation regulates cell plasticity and regeneration in the intestinal epithelium.

Plasticity is needed during development and homeostasis to generate diverse cell types from stem and progenitor cells. Following differentiation, plasticity must be restricted in specialized cells to maintain tissue integrity and function. For this reason, specialized cell identity is stable under homeostatic conditions; however, cells in some tissues regain plasticity during injury-induced regeneration.

Clinical outcomes of closed versus open simple ankle fractures patterns requiring soft tissue reconstruction: A prospective comparative observational study.

Background: Contemporary guidelines advocate for initial debridement and single-stage definitive fixation with immediate soft tissue reconstruction for open fractures. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of single-stage stabilization and immediate definitive soft tissue coverage in open ankle fractures compared to closed fractures.

Methods: We compared all isolated open ankle fractures (OF) treated between January 2017 and June 2019 to a control group of operatively managed closed ankle fractures (CF).

The impact of exposure to green or bluespace on dietary intake and food choices among adults-A systematic literature review.

Extensive research has shown that spending time in natural greenspaces has a positive impact on health. However, there is limited evidence regarding potential factors that may influence these effects. This review aimed to assess the strength of the evidence and potential impact of exposure to green and bluespaces on dietary outcomes in adults.

The NExT trial: Protocol for a two-phase randomized controlled trial testing transcranial magnetic stimulation to augment exposure therapy for youth with OCD.

Background: Exposure with Response Prevention (ERP) is a first-line treatment for OCD, but even when combined with first-line medications it is insufficiently effective for approximately half of patients. Compulsivity in OCD is thought to arise from an imbalance of two distinct neural circuits associated with specific subregions of striatum. Targeted modulation of these circuits via key cortical nodes (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [dlPFC] or presupplementary motor area [pSMA]) has the potential to improve ERP efficacy by decreasing compulsions during therapy.

Development of a riboflavin-responsive model of riboflavin transporter deficiency in zebrafish.

Riboflavin transporter deficiency (RTD) is a rare and progressive neurodegenerative disease resulting from the disruption of RFVT2- and RFVT3- mediated riboflavin transport caused by biallelic mutations in SLC52A2 and SLC52A3, respectively. The resulting impaired mitochondrial metabolism leads to sensorimotor neurodegeneration and symptoms including muscle weakness, respiratory difficulty, and sensorineural deafness. Although over 70% of patients with RTD improve following high-dose riboflavin supplementation, remaining patients either stabilise or continue to deteriorate.

Manipulating button mushroom casing affects the disease dynamics of blotch and green mold disease.

Productive cultivation of the button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) relies on the use of selective substrates and effective disease management. In extending our previous work on manipulating the developmental microbiome (devome), this study employs the strategy of substrate passaging to explore its effects on crop outcomes and disease dynamics. Here we subjected the casing substrate to ten cycles of passaging.

The centre for health informatics: a novel approach to accelerating the field of health data science.

Precision Medicine and Precision Public Health are approaches to improve population health. Achieving these goals requires innovation in health informatics. The Centre for Health Informatics (CHI) within the Cumming School of Medicine (CSM) at the University of Calgary (UC), Canada, was created to respond to this need by fostering multidisciplinary collaborations, building capacity by recruiting and training outstanding faculty and students, and harnessing Alberta's rich health data to advance health informatics.

Intestinal IFNα4 promotes 15-HETE diet-induced pulmonary hypertension.

Objectives: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by the remodeling of the pulmonary vascular bed leading to elevation of the pulmonary arterial pressure. Oxidized fatty acids, such as hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), play a critical role in PAH. We have previously established that dietary supplementation of 15-HETE is sufficient to cause PH in mice, suggesting a role for the gut-lung axis.

Executive Functioning, Family Accommodation, and Treatment Response in Youth with OCD and Comorbid ADHD in a Partial Hospital Program.

Few studies have examined differential treatment response, rates of familial accommodation (FA), and executive functioning (EF) in youth with OCD vs. OCD + ADHD, particularly in a partial hospital program (PHP). The current study includes 138 youth diagnosed with OCD only and 102 youth diagnosed with OCD + ADHD in a PHP setting for a total sample of 240 youth (and their families).

Transitioning to fatherhood: Prospective effects of wellbeing on future depression symptoms.

Background: Becoming a father is a critical period of life transition. Evidence suggests that a lifetime history of mental health disorder/s and elevated depressive symptoms prior to conception increase risk for men's post-natal depression. Less is understood about the role of positive mental health, or wellbeing, as a protective factor for future depressive outcomes during the transition to fatherhood.

Analysis of behavioral flow resolves latent phenotypes.

The accurate detection and quantification of rodent behavior forms a cornerstone of basic biomedical research. Current data-driven approaches, which segment free exploratory behavior into clusters, suffer from low statistical power due to multiple testing, exhibit poor transferability across experiments and fail to exploit the rich behavioral profiles of individual animals. Here we introduce a pipeline to capture each animal's behavioral flow, yielding a single metric based on all observed transitions between clusters.

Expansion of MHC-IIB Has Constrained the Evolution of MHC-IIA in Passerines.

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is central in adaptive immunity, with the highly polymorphic MHC genes encoding antigen-presenting molecules. Two MHC class II (MHC-II) loci, DA1 and DA2, predate the radiation of extant birds and persist throughout much of the avian phylogeny. Within each locus, the MHC-II molecules are encoded by A-genes (DAA) and B-genes (DAB), which are arranged in A-B dyads.

Disease response in rheumatoid arthritis across four biologic therapies associates with improvement in paraoxonase-1 activity and oxylipins.

Objective: Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated enzyme, that has been implicated as a biomarker of cardiovascular risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to investigate how different biologic therapies affect levels of PON1 and oxylipins.

Methods: 1213 adult patients with RA in the Comparative Effectiveness Registry to study Therapies for Arthritis and Inflammatory CoNditions cohort study with moderate-to-high disease activity (Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) >10) who initiated a new biologic (tocilizumab (TCZ), n=296; abatacept, n=374; tumour necrosis factor inhibitors, n=427; rituximab, n=116) were followed prospectively with serum specimens analysed for PON1 activity by arylesterase (ARYL), lactonase (LAC) and PON assays at baseline and after 6 months of biologic therapy.

Yeast -glucan supplementation lowers insulin resistance without altering microbiota composition compared with placebo in subjects with type II diabetes: a phase I exploratory study.

The increased global prevalence of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with consumption of low fibre 'Western diets'. Characteristic metabolic parameters of these individuals include insulin resistance, high fasting and postprandial glucose, as well as low-grade systemic inflammation. Gut microbiota composition is altered significantly in these cohorts suggesting a causative link between diet, microbiota and disease.

Keep on truckin': how effective are health behaviour interventions on truck drivers' health? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Truck drivers are a vital workforce, but have higher rates of obesity and other chronic diseases than the general population. The occupation's sedentary nature, limited physical activity opportunities and access to healthy food, and irregular sleeping patterns contribute to poor health. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions on health behaviours and cardiometabolic biomarkers of health in truck drivers.

Experience of Early Postgraduate Transition to Intensive Care Medicine: A Phenomenological Study.

Background Clinical role transition is known to pose a challenge to doctors in training. The intensive care unit (ICU) is noted to be a demanding workplace environment, although relatively little is known about the experience of doctors as they transition to intensive care medicine (ICM) at the postgraduate level. Thus, this study aimed to explore the experience of registrar-grade doctors undergoing this transition and to examine the interplay between personal and professional life at this time.

Rolling in the deep: An illustrative report of symptomatic nephroptosis.

The diagnosis and management of nephroptosis has changed significantly over the last 100 years, with nephropexy for nephroptosis transitioning from one of the most commonly performed urological procedures in the early 1900s to one that was seldom performed by the middle of the 20th century. The increased use of cross-sectional abdominal imaging towards the end of the 20th century however, has resulted in an increase in the diagnosis of nephroptosis, and the advent of minimally invasive surgery has rejuvenated interest in nephropexy. In this illustrative case report we describe the case of nephroptosis successfully treated with a laparoscopic nephropexy.

Points to consider when initiating clinical investigations in autistic paediatric populations-A White Paper.

Many individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience various degrees of impairment in social interaction and communication, restricted, repetitive behaviours, interests/activities. These impairments make a significant contribution to poorer everyday adaptive functioning. Yet, there are no pharmacological therapies to effectively treat the core symptoms of ASD.

Identifying and Exploring the Cognitive Nature of Threshold Concepts in Pharmacology to Improve Medical Students' Learning.

Pharmacology is a fundamental healthcare discipline, but it can be difficult and counterintuitive for learners to learn. Navigation toward understanding pharmacology can be troublesome, but once the threshold to comprehension is crossed, learners can experience a transformative shift in their ways of thinking and practicing. We conducted an in-depth examination of threshold concepts within pharmacology, aiming to identify and prioritize their learning to improve the medical curriculum and enhance medical treatment and patient safety.

Interventions for Weight Management in Children and Adolescents: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.

Importance: Body mass index (BMI) of the 95th or greater percentile for age and sex is common among young people, and its prevalence has increased in recent decades.

Objective: To examine the benefits and harms of weight management interventions initiated in health care settings among children and adolescents with high BMI.

Data Sources: MEDLINE via Ovid, PsycINFO via Ovid, and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials through January 12, 2023; ongoing surveillance through January 26, 2024.