Central Visual Field Testing in Early Glaucoma: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Purpose: To evaluate the current published literature on the utility of the 10-2 visual field (VF) testing strategy for the evaluation and management of early glaucoma, defined here as mean deviation (MD) better than -6 decibels (dB).

Methods: A search of the peer-reviewed literature was last conducted in June 2023 in the PubMed database. Abstracts of 986 articles were examined to exclude reviews and non-English-language articles.

Sex and Racial and Ethnic Diversity Among Ophthalmology Subspecialty Fellowship Applicants.

Importance: Physician-patient concordance in sex and race is associated with improved patient outcomes. Studies have explored diversity among ophthalmology residents and faculty, but to our knowledge, not among ophthalmology fellows.

Objective: To assess diversity by sex and race and ethnicity among fellowship applicants in ophthalmology subspecialties and compare match rates by applicants' sex and underrepresented in medicine (URiM) status.

Barriers in Ophthalmology Residency Applications for Students Identifying as Underrepresented in Medicine: A San Francisco Match Analysis.

Objective: There is a significant lack of ophthalmologists who self-identify as underrepresented in medicine (URiM) in the physician workforce. Prior literature has revealed bias in traditional metrics for selection relied on by resident programs such as United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores, letters of recommendation (LOR), and induction into medical honors societies such as Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA). The purpose of this study was to elucidate race-based differences in word usage within ophthalmology residency letters of recommendation that may disproportionately affect URiM applicants.

Evaluating situational judgment test use and diversity in admissions at a southern US medical school.

Introduction: Situational judgment tests have been adopted by medical schools to assess decision-making and ethical characteristics of applicants. These tests are hypothesized to positively affect diversity in admissions by serving as a noncognitive metric of evaluation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Computer-based Assessment for Sampling Personal Characteristics (CASPer) scores in relation to admissions interview evaluations.

A Pilot Study Assessing Treatment Outcomes in Neovascular Glaucoma Using Ahmed Glaucoma Valve with and without Cyclophotocoagulation.

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective pilot study was to examine the short-term effect of simultaneous Ahmed Glaucoma Valve implantation and cyclophotocoagulation on postoperative outcomes in patients with neovascular glaucoma.

Methods And Materials: Patient charts were selected for inclusion in this study if they carried a diagnosis of neovascular glaucoma and underwent Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation only, Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation with cyclophotocoagulation, or cyclophotocoagulation only. A total of 55 eyes of 54 patients were selected for data collection and analysis.

Enhancing Diversity in the Ophthalmology Workforce.

Health care teams are most effective at addressing complex problems and improving health outcomes for underserved populations when team members bring diverse life experiences and perspectives to the effort. With rates of visual impairment expected to increase in the United States by 2050, especially among minority populations, diversification of the ophthalmology workforce will be critical in reducing disparities in access to and quality of vision health care. Currently, ophthalmology is less diverse with respect to race, ethnicity, and gender than graduating medical classes and other medical specialties, as well as the general US population.

Unintentional Descemet Cleft Introduces Novel Mechanism of Maintenance of Corneal Clarity.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report a case of corneal transparency for 7 months after the formation and persistence of a Descemet fluid cleft.

Methods: We report the case of a 64-year-old woman undergoing anterior chamber reformation 2 months after Baerveldt implantation of the right eye. During the procedure, the ophthalmic viscoelastic was inadvertently injected into the posterior stroma, nearly isolating the corneal endothelial cell layer, and creating a Descemet fluid cleft filled with viscoelastic.

Trends in Racial and Ethnic Diversity of Ophthalmology Residents and Residency Applicants.

Purpose: The proportions of individuals who are underrepresented in medicine (URiM) in ophthalmology lag behind their proportions within the US population. Diversity trends have been studied in other specialties, but literature examining trends in ophthalmology is lacking. In this study, we investigate trends in the racial and ethnic demographics of ophthalmology residents and residency applicants.

Racial and Ethnic Diversity Within U.S. Residencies: Trends from 2011 to 2019.

Objective: Examine trends in the proportion of underrepresented minority (URM) residents from 2011 to 2019 across all specialties and investigate differences between surgical and non-surgical specialties.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: N/A.

Carotid cavernous fistula secondary to ruptured carotid cavernous aneurysm causing orbital compartment syndrome.

Purpose: To report the rare presentation of orbital compartment syndrome secondary to formation of carotid cavernous fistula in the absence of trauma or surgery and demonstrate the role of emergent canthotomy/cantholysis as a vision saving procedure.

Observations: A 28-year-old African American female with obesity and migraines presented to the emergency department (ED) with the worst headache of her life after a severe episode of vomiting and dry heaving. Initial CT scan was negative for subarachnoid hemorrhage and patient was discharged.

Chronic Kidney Disease as a Predictor of Postoperative Choroidal Effusions After Glaucoma Surgery.

Prcis: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk for choroidal effusion development following glaucoma surgery.

Purpose: Choroidal effusion is a postoperative complication of glaucoma surgery that results from a transudative fluid collection in the suprachoroidal space. Kidney disease alters bodily fluid dynamics through a variety of mechanisms.

The Relationship of Travel Distance to Postoperative Follow-up Care on Glaucoma Surgery Outcomes.

Unlabelled: PRéCIS:: This study addresses the paucity of literature examining glaucoma patients' distance from clinic on postoperative follow-up outcomes. Greater distance from clinic was associated with higher likelihood of loss to follow-up and missed appointments.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship of patient travel distance and interstate access to glaucoma surgery postoperative follow-up visit attendance.

A Rare Ocular Presentation of Metastatic Lung Cancer: Unilateral Anterior Chamber Angle, Bilateral Choroidal, and Multiple Intracranial Metastases.

A 64-year-old man who presented with photopsia was found to have elevated intraocular pressure in one eye and optic disc swelling in the other eye. He was initially diagnosed with neurocysticercosis and later metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. The purpose of this paper is to report a rare case of bilateral glare as the first sign of diffusely metastatic cancer and to raise clinical suspicion for systemic malignancy in the presence of multiple ocular manifestations.

Randomized, prospective, single-masked clinical trial of endothelial keratoplasty performance with 2 donor cornea 4°C storage solutions and associated chambers.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare endothelial cell loss and graft success 6 months after endothelial keratoplasty (EK) with paired donor corneas stored in Optisol GS and Life4°C solutions and their associated storage chambers.

Methods: Donor pairs were stored, one in Optisol GS and the other in Life4°C, and prepared for Descemet stripping automated EK or Descemet membrane EK. Matched pairs of recipients with Fuchs dystrophy were randomized to 1 member of each donor pair.

Sustained drug delivery in glaucoma.

Purpose Of Review: This article reviews recently published studies and important clinical trials of novel drug delivery systems for glaucoma and evaluates the potential of these systems to provide sustained therapeutic benefits.

Recent Findings: The efficacy of topical medications to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) is limited by poor patient adherence, low bioavailability of drug and the potential for local and systemic side effects. Recent studies highlight the potential for sustained drug delivery through innovative delivery platforms.

Effect of race, age, and axial length on optic nerve head parameters and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measured by Cirrus HD-OCT.

Objective: To determine the effect of race, demographic, and ocular variables on optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Methods: In a cross-sectional observational study, 284 normal subjects aged 18 to 84 years were evaluated at 7 sites using Cirrus HD-OCT. Disc area, rim area, average cup-disc ratio, vertical cup-disc ratio, cup volume, and average, temporal, superior, nasal, and inferior RNFL thicknesses were calculated.

Macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer: automated detection and thickness reproducibility with spectral domain-optical coherence tomography in glaucoma.

Purpose: To demonstrate the capability of SD-OCT to measure macular retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness and to assess its reproducibility in glaucomatous eyes.

Methods: Fifty-one glaucomatous eyes (26 mild, 11 moderate, 14 severe) of 51 patients underwent macular scanning using the Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) macula 200×200 acquisition protocol. Five scans were obtained on 5 days within 2 months.

Sensitivity and specificity of time-domain versus spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in diagnosing early to moderate glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of measurements of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in early to moderate glaucoma using Stratus time-domain and Cirrus spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA).

Design: Evaluation of diagnostic test or technology.

Participants: Fifty-four glaucoma subjects with early to moderate visual field defects and 50 age-matched normal subjects.

Comparison of retinal nerve fiber layer measurements using time domain and spectral domain optical coherent tomography.

Purpose: To determine the agreement between peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements from Stratus time domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Cirrus spectral domain OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) in normal subjects and subjects with glaucoma.

Design: Evaluation of diagnostic test or technology.

Participants: A total of 130 eyes from 130 normal subjects and subjects with glaucoma were analyzed.