A pilot study on the prevalence of lice in Irish beef cattle and the first Irish report of deltamethrin tolerance in Bovicola bovis.

Background: Pediculosis in cattle causes significant itching, irritation and stress to the animal, often resulting in skin damage and poor coat condition. The control of bovine pediculosis in Ireland is based predominantly on commercial insecticides belonging to one of two chemical classes, the synthetic pyrethroids and the macrocyclic lactones. In recent years, pyrethroid tolerance has been reported in a number of species of livestock lice in the United Kingdom and Australia.

Neuroinflammation and the Kynurenine Pathway in CNS Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.

Diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) remain a significant health, social and economic problem around the globe. The development of therapeutic strategies for CNS conditions has suffered due to a poor understanding of the underlying pathologies that manifest them. Understanding common etiological origins at the cellular and molecular level is essential to enhance the development of efficacious and targeted treatment options.

The Screening and COnsensus Based on Practices and Evidence (SCOPE) Program-Results of a Survey on Daily Practice Patterns for Patients with mCRC.

The SCOPE project aimed to better understand practice patterns, identify drivers for treatment goals, and determine third- and fourth-line treatment choices for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The survey was developed by an expert panel of gastrointestinal oncologists. Questions concerned general practice patterns, and treatment decisions for three hypothetical patient case scenarios.

Outcomes of Patients With Metastatic Anal Cancer According to HIV Infection: A Multicenter Study by the Latin American Gastrointestinal Oncology Group (SLAGO).

Background: HIV-positive patients are underrepresented in clinical trials of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (mSCCA). We aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of mSCCA patients according to HIV infection.

Methods: This was a retrospective multicenter cohort study of consecutive patients with mSCCA.

The evolutionary and functional implications of the unusual quadrate of Longipteryx chaoyangensis (Avialae: Enantiornithes) from the Cretaceous Jehol Biota of China.

While the morphology and evolution of the quadrate among early birds and through the evolutionary origin of birds is not well known, we add to knowledge about that past diversity through description of the morphology of the quadrate in the unusually elongate skull of the Cretaceous enantiornithine bird Longipteryx chaoyangensis. The lateral and caudal surfaces of the quadrate are well exposed in two specimens revealing morphologies typical of early birds and their dinosaurian close relatives like a small otic head and two mandibular condyles. However, both skeletons exhibit quadrates with a unique, enlarged lateral crest that has not been previously described among Mesozoic birds.

Temperature Tuning of Coherent Mixing between States Driving Singlet Fission in a Spiro-Fused Terrylenediimide Dimer.

The excited-state dynamics of a spiro-fused terrylene-3,4:11,12-bis(dicarboximide) (TDI) dimer () in toluene and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (mTHF) were investigated as a function of temperature using femtosecond- and nanosecond-transient absorption spectroscopy, as well as two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. The spiro conjugation and the corresponding geometry of this compound guarantee a short intermonomer distance along with a partial orbital overlap between the orthogonal TDI π-electron systems, providing electronic coupling between the TDIs. Photoexcitation of in toluene, a low dielectric solvent, at 295 K, results in the ultrafast formation of a state composed of a coherent mixture of singlet (SS), multiexciton (TT), and charge-transfer (CT) electronic characters.

One-Shot 3D-Printed Multimaterial Soft Robotic Jamming Grippers.

Soft gripping provides the potential for high performance in challenging tasks through morphological computing; however, design explorations are limited by a combination of a difficulty in generating useful models and use of laborious fabrication techniques. We focus on a class of grippers based on granular jamming that are particularly difficult to model and introduce a "one shot" technique that exploits multimaterial three-dimensional (3D) printing to create entire grippers, including membrane and grains, in a single print run. This technique fully supports the de facto physical generate-and-test methodology used for this class of grippers, as entire design iterations can be fitted onto a single print bed and fabricated from Computer-Aided Design (CAD) files in a matter of hours.

miRNAs and Genes Involved in the Interplay between Ocular Hypertension and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis Networks.

Glaucoma has no cure and is a sight-threatening neurodegenerative disease affecting more than 100 million people worldwide, with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) being the most globally prevalent glaucoma clinical type. Regulation of gene expression and gene networks, and its multifactorial pathways involved in glaucoma disease are landmarks for ophthalmic research. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are small endogenous non-coding, single-stranded RNA molecules (18-22 nucleotides) that regulate gene expression.

Supine Hypertension Is Associated With an Impaired Cerebral Oxygenation Response to Orthostasis: Finding From The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing.

[Figure: see text].

Improved osteogenesis in rat femur segmental defects treated with human allograft and zinc adjuvants.

Bone allograft is widely used to treat large bone defects or complex fractures. However, processing methods can significantly compromise allograft osteogenic activity. Adjuvants that can restore the osteogenic activity of processed allograft should improve clinical outcomes.

Obesity is associated with reduced cerebral blood flow - modified by physical activity.

This study examined the associations of body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC), and physical activity (PA) with gray matter cerebral blood flow (CBF) in older adults. Cross-sectional data was used from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (n = 495, age 69.0 ±7.

Unique Mutations in the Murine Hepatitis Virus Macrodomain Differentially Attenuate Virus Replication, Indicating Multiple Roles for the Macrodomain in Coronavirus Replication.

All coronaviruses (CoVs) contain a macrodomain, also termed Mac1, in nonstructural protein 3 (nsp3) that binds and hydrolyzes mono-ADP-ribose (MAR) covalently attached to proteins. Despite several reports demonstrating that Mac1 is a prominent virulence factor, there is still a limited understanding of its cellular roles during infection. Currently, most of the information regarding the role of CoV Mac1 during infection is based on a single point mutation of a highly conserved asparagine residue, which makes contact with the distal ribose of ADP-ribose.

A model selection framework to quantify microvascular liver function in gadoxetate-enhanced MRI: Application to healthy liver, diseased tissue, and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Purpose: We introduce a novel, generalized tracer kinetic model selection framework to quantify microvascular characteristics of liver and tumor tissue in gadoxetate-enhanced dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI).

Methods: Our framework includes a hierarchy of nested models, from which physiological parameters are derived in 2 regimes, corresponding to the active transport and free diffusion of gadoxetate. We use simulations to show the sensitivity of model selection and parameter estimation to temporal resolution, time-series duration, and noise.

Signature of Circulating Biomarkers in Recurrent Non-Infectious Anterior Uveitis. Immunomodulatory Effects of DHA-Triglyceride. A Pilot Study.

The purpose of this study was to identify circulating biomarkers of recurrent non-infectious anterior uveitis (NIAU), and to address the anti-inflammatory effects of triglyceride containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA-TG). A prospective multicenter study was conducted in 72 participants distributed into: patients diagnosed with recurrent NIAU in the quiescence stage (uveitis group (UG); = 36) and healthy controls (control group (CG); = 36). Each group was randomly assigned to the oral supplementation of one pill/day (+) containing DHA-TG ( = 18) or no-pill condition (-) ( = 17) for three consecutive months.

How Did a Multi-Institutional Trial Show Feasibility of Electronic Data Capture in Older Patients With Cancer? Results From a Multi-Institutional Qualitative Study (Alliance A171902).

Purpose: New technology might pose problems for older patients with cancer. This study sought to understand how a trial in older patients with cancer (Alliance A171603) was successful in capturing electronic patient-reported data.

Methods: Study personnel were invited via e-mail to participate in semistructured phone interviews, which were audio-recorded and qualitatively analyzed.

Hemodynamic and structural brain measures in high and low sedentary older adults.

Due to its cardiovascular effects sedentary behaviour might impact cerebrovascular function in the long term, affecting cerebrovascular regulatory mechanisms and perfusion levels. Consequently this could underly potential structural brain abnormalities associated with cognitive decline. We therefore assessed the association between sedentary behaviour and brain measures of cerebrovascular perfusion and structural abnormalities in community-dwelling older adults.

Exposure to Campus Messages about Dating and Sexual Violence: A Latent Class Analysis.

This study investigates college students' exposure to messages about campus dating and sexual violence (DSV) to discover classes of students based on the message source. Latent class analysis was performed with data assessing 5,284 students' exposure to 16 different sources of information regarding DSV, from having a professor discuss these topics to participating in related campus events. Several variables were included in the analysis to understand students' class membership in relation to pertinent student demographic factors.

Associations between interpersonal violence victimisation and concussions among US college students.

Interpersonal violence is common on college campuses and is associated with many adverse health outcomes; however, it remains unknown whether experiencing interpersonal violence victimisation is associated with concussions. The aim of this study was to estimate the associations between interpersonal violence, including emotional abuse, physical abuse and sexual assault, and concussions among a large, diverse sample of college students. We analysed cross-sectional data from the 2018-2019 national (US) Healthy Minds Study (N = 1,478).

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials examining workplace wellness interventions.

Background: One of the influencing factors associated with weight gain is overeating as a maladaptive coping strategy to process or avoid the emotional impact of psychological stress. Psychological stress is chronically and pervasively associated with stress stemming from the workplace environment. Workplace wellness interventions have a unique opportunity to change environmental factors impacting psychological stress, which can improve individual food choice and weight management efforts.

An MHV macrodomain mutant predicted to lack ADP-ribose binding activity is severely attenuated, indicating multiple roles for the macrodomain in coronavirus replication.

Unlabelled: All coronaviruses (CoVs) contain a macrodomain, also termed Mac1, in non-structural protein 3 (nsp3) which binds and hydrolyzes ADP-ribose covalently attached to proteins. Despite several reports demonstrating that Mac1 is a prominent virulence factor, there is still a limited understanding of its cellular roles during infection. Currently, most of the information regarding the role of CoV Mac1 during infection is based on a single point mutant of a highly conserved asparagine-to-alanine mutation, which is known to largely eliminate Mac1 ADP-ribosylhydrolase activity.

New Laboratory Protocol to Determine the Oxidative Stress Profile of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells Using Flow Cytometry.

Several studies have shown the importance of oxidative stress (OS) in respiratory disease pathogenesis. It has been reported that the nasal epithelium may act as a surrogate for the bronchial epithelium in several respiratory diseases involving OS. However, the sample yields obtained from nasal biopsies are modest, limiting the number of parameters that can be determined.

Performance of two prognostic scores that incorporate genetic information to predict long-term outcomes following resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases: An external validation of the MD Anderson and JHH-MSK scores.

Introduction: Two novel clinical risk scores (CRS) that incorporate KRAS mutation status were developed: modified CRS (mCRS) and GAME score. However, they have not been tested in large national and international cohorts. The aim of this study was to validate the prognostic discrimination utility and determine the clinical usefulness of the two novel CRS.

Effect of oxaliplatin plus 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine on circulating and imaging biomarkers in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a prospective biomarker study.

Background: Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer are treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy supplemented by molecularly targeted therapies. There is a critical need to define biomarkers that can optimise the use of these therapies to maximise efficacy and avoid unnecessary toxicity. However, it is important to first define the changes in potential biomarkers following cytotoxic chemotherapy alone.

The Association Between Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Resting-State Prefrontal Cortex Oxygenation Is Modified by Self-Reported Physical Activity: Results From The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing.

Individuals with anxiety disorders exhibit lower intrinsic functional connectivity between prefrontal cortical areas and subcortical regions. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is sensitive to the acute and chronic effects of physical activity (PA), while the anxiolytic effects of PA are well known. The current study examined the association of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and its interaction with PA, with resting-state, left PFC oxygenation.

Single level posterolateral lumbar fusion in a New Zealand White rabbit () model: Surgical anatomy, operative technique, autograft fusion rates, and perioperative care.

Introduction: The posterolateral lumbar fusion (PLF) New Zealand White (NZW) () rabbit model is a long-standing surgical technique for the preclinical evaluation of materials for spinal fusion. A detailed understanding of lumbar spine anatomy and perioperative care requirements of rabbits is imperative for correct execution of the model both scientifically and ethically. This study describes the preoperative procedures and surgical techniques used in single level PLF in a NZW rabbit model as it pertains to the animal husbandry, lumbar spine anatomy, anesthesia, surgical approach, and perioperative care of rabbits in a research setting.