Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma with Cutaneous Metastasis in a Dog.

Primary lung cancer is rare in dogs and depending on the tumour stage and subtype, the prognosis can be poor. In this report, we describe a 10 year-old female intact Yorkshire terrier that presented progressive weight loss and chronic pain of unknown origin. Due to the poor condition of the dog, it was subsequently euthanized.

Cutaneous Plasmacytoma with Systemic Metastases in a Cape Serotine Bat ().

Despite their relatively long life-spans, reports of neoplasia in bats are rare and are limited to a handful of cases. In this report, we describe a 2-year-old female wild Cape serotine bat () that had been caught by a domestic cat and presented with a skin mass over the chest area. Histopathological analysis of a subsequent biopsy revealed proliferating sheets of neoplastic round cells, occasionally appearing to form packets, supported by a fine, fibrovascular stroma.

Identification and Molecular Characterization of Shamonda Virus in an Aborted Goat Fetus in South Africa.

Viruses in the genus, family, are associated with encephalitis, birth defects and fatalities in animals, and some are zoonotic. Molecular diagnostic investigations of animals with neurological signs previously identified Shuni virus (SHUV) as the most significant orthobunyavirus in South Africa (SA). To determine if other orthobunyaviruses occur in SA, we screened clinical specimens from animals with neurological signs, abortions, and acute deaths from across SA in 2021 using a small (S) segment Simbu serogroup specific TaqMan real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Sinonasal Meningioma in a Siberian Tiger ().

Meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumour in dogs and cats. However, whilst there are numerous reports of extracranial (spinal, orbital and sinonasal) meningiomas in the dog, there have only been a few case reports of spinal meningiomas, and no post-mortem confirmed orbital or sinonasal meningiomas in cats. In this report, a 20-year-old captive tiger () with a history of chronic ocular inflammation resulting in enucleation, spontaneously developed tetanic convulsions (epileptic seizures) that over a 2-year period resulted in a gradually worsening condition and the animal was eventually euthanized.

Widespread metastasis of a spermatocytic seminoma with concomitant hepatic peliosis in a Southern African hedgehog ().

A six-year-old intact male Southern African hedgehog () presented with a history of chronic mild to moderate weight loss, and sub-acute hind limb ataxia that progressed to complete paralysis, at which point the hedgehog was euthanised. At autopsy, a large multinodular pale mass had completely replaced the left testicle and transcoelomically metastasised to the diaphragm and the peri-renal area, from where it then invaded the vertebral column and spinal cord. Multifocal, irregular to round, well-demarcated, blood-filled, proliferative lesions were also present in the hepatic parenchyma.

Metastatic Uterine Adenocarcinoma in a Sable Antelope ().

A nine-year-old intact female sable antelope () with a six-week history of gradual loss of body condition was found dead by the owner and presented for autopsy. Macroscopic examination revealed an enlarged spleen and liver with the hepatic and splenic parenchyma showing extensive infiltration with firm, white to cream-coloured nodules. The uterus showed a few small, firm, well-demarcated, white-to-cream-coloured nodules in the uterine body.

Successful Treatment of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Captive Green Iguana (Iguana Iguana).

Reptiles are popular exotic pets and green iguanas (Iguana iguana) are amongst the top ten most popular reptiles. Here we describe a captive 8-year-old female green iguana that was referred for treatment of a non-healing, discharging lesion on the side of the body. The lesion was surgically excised and histopathological analysis revealed an epidermal proliferation of neoplastic keratinocytes, with focal infiltration through the basement membrane, into the underlying superficial dermis.

Metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma in a White African Lioness ().

Malignant melanomas tend to be locally destructive, aggressive tumours commonly associated with recurrence and/or metastasis. In this report, a 13-year-old captive white African lioness (), with a recent history of intermittent bouts of lethargy and inappetence, presented with a distended abdomen (due to ascites) and a small, round crusty lesion on the ear. An abdominal ultrasound showed the presence of masses on the liver and an exploratory laparotomy revealed multiple pale lesions on the liver and omentum.

Successful treatment of early cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with hypofractionated radiation therapy in an African lion (Panthera leo).

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a slow growing but locally invasive neoplasm, most commonly caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Whilst SCC accounts for 15% of skin tumours in domesticated cats, cutaneous SCC in non-domesticated felids (apart from captive snow leopards) appears to be uncommon, with only three reports in the literature to date. In this report, a captive African lion (Panthera leo) presented with two ulcerative lesions on the nasal planum.

MELANOMA IN GOLDEN AND KING WILDEBEESTS ( CONNOCHAETES TAURINUS).

Pigmentation of the skin is a crucial component in the pathogenesis of melanocytic neoplasms and other skin-related tumors, as melanin is known to function in both the absorbance of ultraviolet radiation and as an antioxidant. Very limited information exists regarding the incidence and metastatic potential of neoplastic conditions of the skin in game animals, especially wildebeests, relative to domestic animals. Four cases of cutaneous melanoma in color-variant golden and king wildebeests ( Connochaetes taurinus) (from 2014 to 2015) in South Africa were investigated.

Identifying emerging research collaborations and networks: method development.

Clinical and translational research is a multidisciplinary, collaborative team process. To evaluate this process, we developed a method to document emerging research networks and collaborations in our medical center to describe their productivity and viability over time. Using an e-mail survey, sent to 1,620 clinical and basic science full- and part-time faculty members, respondents identified their research collaborators.

Relating nickel-induced tissue inflammation to nickel release in vivo.

Nickel has a number of adverse biological effects that have made the use of nickel in biomedical implants controversial. Yet information about the distribution of nickel in tissues around nickel-containing implants is scarce. The purpose of the current study was to use a laser ablation technique, combined with inductively coupled mass spectroscopy, to assess the spatial distribution of nickel around nickel-containing implants in vivo.

The effects of dietary ferric iron and iron deprivation on the bacterial composition of the mouse intestine.

The influence of dietary ferric iron on the intestinal microbiota of mice was investigated with a view to promoting benign lactic acid bacteria (which have minimal iron requirements) in order to enhance colonization-resistance potential. Three groups of eight mice received a diet differing only in iron content, for a period of 12 weeks. Dietary iron deprivation resulted in overall increased small intestinal bacterial populations, including lactic acid bacteria, but these differences were generally not significant (p > 0.

Nicardipine versus nitroprusside for controlled hypotension during spinal surgery in adolescents.

Nicardipine or nitroprusside was used to induce controlled hypotension in healthy adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis undergoing spinal fusion. Twenty patients were randomly assigned to the nitroprusside (N) or nicardipine (C) group. All patients received a standardized anesthetic.

Morphological and biochemical studies of the elastic fibres in the craniomandibular joint articular disc of the tight-skin mouse.

The tight-skin (TSK) mouse is characterized by the hyperplasia of loose connective tissues, and of excessive growth of cartilage and of bones including the mandible. Since the fibroelastic connective tissues of the craniomandibular joint (CMJ) are essential to the functions of this joint, the present histological study compared the presence and general distribution of elastic fibres in CMJ discal tissues of TSK and normal mice. The excised CMJs were processed for light microscopy.

Analgesia after inguinal herniorrhaphy with laparoscopic inspection of the peritoneum in children. Caudal block versus ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric block.

The authors prospectively evaluated the efficacy of caudal epidural block versus local infiltration combined with ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric block for analgesia after inguinal herniorrhaphy with laparoscopic inspection of the peritoneum. During standardized anesthetic care, 24 children were randomized to Group I (caudal epidural block with 1.2 mL/kg of 0.

Chloroprocaine for epidural anesthesia in infants and children.

The authors discuss their experience with chloroprocaine for epidural anesthesia in five pediatric patients. While bupivacaine remains the most commonly used local anesthetic in children, recent reports of toxicity document the risks of this agent. The major advantage of chloroprocaine is its rapid metabolism, which thereby minimizes the risks of toxicity, especially in patients with preexisting problems such as young age or underlying hepatic dysfunction, which may limit the metabolism of local anesthetics of the amide class.

Cariostatic and ultraconservative sealed restorations: nine-year results among children and adults.

The objective of this clinical study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy of placing sealed posterior composite restorations for arresting active caries. The tooth preparation for this bonded and sealed restoration was limited to placing a bevel in the enamel only, without the removal of the carious lesion. The radiographic and clinical performance of these ultraconservative sealed composite restorations placed over caries (CompS/C) was compared over a period of nine years with: 1) ultraconservative, localized sealed amalgam (AGS) restorations with no extension for prevention, and 2) traditional, unsealed amalgam restorations (AGU) with the usual extension for prevention outline form.

General anesthesia by mask with spontaneous ventilation during brief laparoscopic inspection of the peritoneum in children.

We prospectively examined the cardiorespiratory changes seen with general anesthesia by mask with spontaneous ventilation during brief laparoscopic inspection of the peritoneum in children. Anesthesia consisted of isoflurane in 50% oxygen/air and a caudal epidural block. The patient was allowed to ventilate spontaneously without assistance.

Continuous regional anaesthesia in infants.

Physiological immaturity of the respiratory musculature and central respiratory control centres leads to an increased risk of apnoea and respiratory complications following general anaesthesia in neonates. Regional anaesthetic techniques may obviate the need for general anaesthesia and lessen the risks of perioperative morbidity. Although these techniques have been described in infants, previous reports have dealt with single-shot techniques for brief surgical procedures (< 60 min).

Thoracic epidural anaesthesia in infants and children.

When compared with conventional analgesic techniques, epidural anaesthesia not only provides improved analgesia, but also has several beneficial effects on the postoperative respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic status of the patient. Although the efficacy and safety of caudal and lumbar epidural anaesthesia in children has been demonstrated, there is little information concerning the use of thoracic epidural anaesthesia. The purpose of our review was to evaluate the safety of thoracic epidural anaesthesia in infants and children.