Higher Aircraft Noise Exposure Is Linked to Worse Heart Structure and Function by Cardiovascular MRI.

Background: Aircraft noise is a growing concern for communities living near airports.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the impact of aircraft noise on heart structure and function.

Methods: Nighttime aircraft noise levels (L) and weighted 24-hour day-evening-night aircraft noise levels (L) were provided by the UK Civil Aviation Authority for 2011.

Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Electrocardiography for Prediction of Incident Hypertension.

Importance: Hypertension underpins significant global morbidity and mortality. Early lifestyle intervention and treatment are effective in reducing adverse outcomes. Artificial intelligence-enhanced electrocardiography (AI-ECG) has been shown to identify a broad spectrum of subclinical disease and may be useful for predicting incident hypertension.

Evaluation of first-principles Hubbard and Hund corrected DFT for defect formation energies in non-magnetic transition metal oxides.

Recent advances have shown that first-principles DFT+ techniques, such as DFT++ with parameters from linear response, are capable of high bandgap accuracy in transition metal oxides at a fraction of the computational cost of hybrid functionals. Extending the use of these functionals to defect calculations could save computational resources, but there is limited knowledge on whether such techniques are capable of reliably modelling defect energies. Furthermore, the use of separate and values for the same atomic species in different chemical environments, within the same system, can introduce significant errors into formation energy calculations.

The Influence of Material Properties and Wall Thickness on Predicted Wall Stress in Ascending Aortic Aneurysms: A Finite Element Study.

Purpose: Finite element analysis (FEA) has been used to predict wall stress in ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (ATAA) in order to evaluate risk of dissection or rupture. Patient-specific FEA requires detailed information on ATAA geometry, loading conditions, material properties, and wall thickness. Unfortunately, measuring aortic wall thickness and mechanical properties non-invasively poses a significant challenge, necessitating the use of non-patient-specific data in most FE simulations.

Minimum Tracking Linear Response Hubbard and Hund Corrected Density Functional Theory in CP2K.

We present the implementation of the Hubbard () and Hund () corrected Density Functional Theory (DFT + + ) functionality in the Quickstep program, which is part of the CP2K suite. The tensorial and Löwdin subspace representations are implemented and compared. Full analytical DFT + + forces are implemented and benchmarked for the tensorial and Löwdin representations.

Fluid-structure interaction analysis of a healthy aortic valve and its surrounding haemodynamics.

The opening and closing dynamics of the aortic valve (AV) has a strong influence on haemodynamics in the aortic root, and both play a pivotal role in maintaining normal physiological functions of the valve. The aim of this study was to establish a subject-specific fluid-structure interaction (FSI) workflow capable of simulating the motion of a tricuspid healthy valve and the surrounding haemodynamics under physiologically realistic conditions. A subject-specific aortic root was reconstructed from magnetic resonance (MR) images acquired from a healthy volunteer, whilst the valve leaflets were built using a parametric model fitted to the subject-specific aortic root geometry.

Tilted-Plane Structure of the Energy of Finite Quantum Systems.

The piecewise linearity condition on the total energy with respect to the total magnetization of finite quantum systems is derived using the infinite-separation-limit technique. This generalizes the well-known constancy condition, related to static correlation error, in approximate density functional theory. The magnetic analog of Koopmans' theorem in density functional theory is also derived.

Sleep-disordered breathing in children and adults with intellectual disability: mind the gap!

Background: In adults and children with intellectual disability (ID), sleep -disordered breathing (SDB) is thought to be common. However, large epidemiological studies are lacking, and there are few studies on optimal methods of investigation and even fewer randomised, controlled intervention trials of treatment.

Method: Peer-reviewed publications from various databases were examined in line with search terms relevant to ID and SDB spanning the years 200-2024.

Improving the efficiency and accuracy of cardiovascular magnetic resonance with artificial intelligence-review of evidence and proposition of a roadmap to clinical translation.

Background: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is an important imaging modality for the assessment of heart disease; however, limitations of CMR include long exam times and high complexity compared to other cardiac imaging modalities. Recently advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technology have shown great potential to address many CMR limitations. While the developments are remarkable, translation of AI-based methods into real-world CMR clinical practice remains at a nascent stage and much work lies ahead to realize the full potential of AI for CMR.

Numerical solutions for the new Coronavirus (COVID 19) mathematical model by the operational matrix using the clique polynomials method.

In this paper, we consider a differential equation system and present a new method based on Clique polynomials (CP-M) to obtain numerical solutions of this system. The system of differential equations is a mathematical model of a new virus called Corona, which causes an infectious disease called COVID-19. By solving this system of equations, we check the transmissibility of the Coronavirus by the CPs method.

Assessment and management of chronic insomnia disorder: an algorithm for primary care physicians.

Background: Primary care physicians often lack resources and training to correctly diagnose and manage chronic insomnia disorder. Tools supporting chronic insomnia diagnosis and management could fill this critical gap. A survey was conducted to understand insomnia disorder diagnosis and treatment practices among primary care physicians, and to evaluate a diagnosis and treatment algorithm on its use, to identify ways to optimize it specifically for these providers.

APOE ε4 carriage associates with improved myocardial performance from adolescence to older age.

Background: Although APOE ε4 allele carriage confers a risk for coronary artery disease, its persistence in humans might be explained by certain survival advantages (antagonistic pleiotropy).

Methods: Combining data from ~ 37,000 persons from three older age British cohorts (1946 National Survey of Health and Development [NSHD], Southall and Brent Revised [SABRE], and UK Biobank) and one younger age cohort (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children [ALSPAC]), we explored whether APOE ε4 carriage associates with beneficial or unfavorable left ventricular (LV) structural and functional metrics by echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).

Results: Compared to the non-APOE ε4 group, APOE ε4 carriers had similar cardiac phenotypes in terms of LV ejection fraction, E/e', posterior wall and interventricular septal thickness, and LV mass.

Dreaming Characteristics in Non-Rapid Eye Movement Parasomnia and Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behaviour Disorder: Similarities and Differences.

Background: Speech graph analysis (SGA) of dreams has recently shown promise as an objective and language-invariant diagnostic tool that can aid neuropsychiatric diagnosis. Whilst the notion that dreaming mentations reflect distinct physiologic processes is not new, such studies in patients with sleep disorders remain exceptionally scarce. Here, using SGA and other dream content analyses, we set to investigate structural and thematic differences in morning dream recalls of patients diagnosed with Non-Rapid Eye Movement Parasomnia (NREMP) and Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (iRBD).

LAVASET: Latent Variable Stochastic Ensemble of Trees. An ensemble method for correlated datasets with spatial, spectral, and temporal dependencies.

Motivation: Random forests (RFs) can deal with a large number of variables, achieve reasonable prediction scores, and yield highly interpretable feature importance values. As such, RFs are appropriate models for feature selection and further dimension reduction. However, RFs are often not appropriate for correlated datasets due to their mode of selecting individual features for splitting.

Distinct cognitive changes in male patients with obstructive sleep apnoea without co-morbidities.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a multisystem, debilitating, chronic disorder of breathing during sleep, resulting in a relatively consistent pattern of cognitive deficits. More recently, it has been argued that those cognitive deficits, especially in middle-aged patients, may be driven by cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities, rather than by distinct OSA-processes, such as are for example ensuing nocturnal intermittent hypoxaemia, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and sleep fragmentation.

Methods: Thus, we undertook to define cognitive performance in a group of 27 middle-aged male patients with untreated OSA, who had no concomitant comorbidities, compared with seven matched controls (AHI mean ± S.