Primary Care Models and Depression Outcomes in Rural Adult Populations: A Systematic Review.

Rural populations rely on primary care services for depression care due to shortages and maldistributions of specialty mental health care favoring urban areas. Yet, it is unknown which primary care models are effective at reducing depressive symptoms and emergency department (ED) use for depression among rural populations. The purpose of this systematic review is to synthesize the effectiveness of primary care models on depressive symptoms and ED utilization for depression in rural populations.

Two extracellular α-arabinofuranosidases are required for cereal-derived arabinoxylan metabolism by subsp. .

Members of the genus are commonly found in the human gut and are known to utilize complex carbohydrates that are indigestible by the human host. Members of the subsp. taxon can metabolize various plant-derived carbohydrates common to the human diet.

Complete Genome Sequence of ML061-4 Isolated from Assam Tea Leaf [ var. (J.W.Mast.) Kitam.].

is a Gram-positive coccoid organism that is a member of the lactic acid bacteria. ML061-4 was originally isolated from the surface of an Assam tea leaf, and its genome is herein shown to contain gene clusters predicted to be involved in complex carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.

Detailed mapping of Bifidobacterium strain transmission from mother to infant via a dual culture-based and metagenomic approach.

A significant proportion of the infant gut microbiome is considered to be acquired from the mother during and after birth. Thus begins a lifelong and dynamic relationship with microbes that has an enduring impact on host health. Based on a cohort of 135 mother-infant (F = 72, M = 63) dyads (MicrobeMom: ISRCTN53023014), we investigated the phenomenon of microbial strain transfer, with a particular emphasis on the use of a combined metagenomic-culture-based approach to determine the frequency of strain transfer involving members of the genus Bifidobacterium, including species/strains present at low relative abundance.

Preparing for the next pandemic: lessons learnt from the implementation of point-of-care SARS-CoV-2 testing in an emergency department.

Point-of-care testing (POCT) provides rapid, accurate results that facilitate diagnosis and patient management. POCT for infectious agents allows timely infection prevention and control interventions and informs decisions around safe patient placement. However, POCT implementation requires careful governance as they are primarily operated by staff with limited prior education on laboratory quality control and assurance processes.

Ability of Bifidobacterium breve 702258 to transfer from mother to infant: the MicrobeMom randomized controlled trial.

Background: The composition of the infant microbiome can have a variety of short- and long-term implications for health. It is unclear if maternal probiotic supplementation in pregnancy can affect the infant gut microbiome.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate if maternal supplementation of a formulation of Bifidobacterium breve 702258 from early pregnancy until 3 months postpartum could transfer to the infant gut.

Interactions between symptoms and psychological status in irritable bowel syndrome: An exploratory study of the impact of a probiotic combination.

Background: Stress is an exacerbator of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms, and anxiety and depression are co-morbidities. Bifidobacterium longum strains 1714® and 35642® attenuate stress responses in healthy people and reduce symptoms in IBS, respectively. Here, we explore relationships between the psychological and visceral effects of the two strains (COMBO) in IBS subjects and biomarkers of stress and inflammation.

Ironing out the wrinkles and folds in the epidemiology of skin fold dermatitis in dog breeds in the UK.

Skin fold dermatitis (intertrigo) is an inflammatory process of closely apposing skin surfaces. Extreme conformations towards folded skin in many dog breeds are linked with higher risk. Using anonymised primary-care veterinary data from the VetCompass Programme, this study aimed to report the frequency, demographic risk factors and clinical management for skin fold dermatitis in the UK.

Needle in a Whey-Stack: PhRACS as a Discovery Tool for Unknown Phage-Host Combinations.

The field of metagenomics has rapidly expanded to become the go-to method for complex microbial community analyses. However, there is currently no straightforward route from metagenomics to traditional culture-based methods of strain isolation, particularly in (bacterio)phage biology, leading to an investigative bottleneck. Here, we describe a method that exploits specific phage receptor binding protein (RBP)-host cell surface receptor interaction enabling isolation of phage-host combinations from an environmental sample.

Preterm infants harbour diverse populations, including atypical species that encode and produce an array of antimicrobial resistance- and virulence-associated factors.

spp. are frequently enriched in the gut microbiota of preterm neonates, and overgrowth is associated with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), nosocomial infections and late-onset sepsis. Little is known about the genomic and phenotypic characteristics of preterm-associated , as previous studies have focused on the recovery of antimicrobial-resistant isolates or culture-independent molecular analyses.

Breast milk-derived human milk oligosaccharides promote Bifidobacterium interactions within a single ecosystem.

Diet-microbe interactions play an important role in modulating the early-life microbiota, with Bifidobacterium strains and species dominating the gut of breast-fed infants. Here, we sought to explore how infant diet drives distinct bifidobacterial community composition and dynamics within individual infant ecosystems. Genomic characterisation of 19 strains isolated from breast-fed infants revealed a diverse genomic architecture enriched in carbohydrate metabolism genes, which was distinct to each strain, but collectively formed a pangenome across infants.

Exploring the role of the microbiota member Bifidobacterium in modulating immune-linked diseases.

The gut-associated microbiota is essential for multiple physiological processes, including immune development. Acquisition of our initial pioneer microbial communities, including the dominant early life genus Bifidobacterium, occurs at a critical period of immune maturation and programming. Bifidobacteria are resident microbiota members throughout our lifetime and have been shown to modulate specific immune cells and pathways.

Biologics in oral medicine: Sjogren syndrome.

Oral Diseases (2012) doi:10.1111/j.1601-0825.

Biologics in oral medicine: ulcerative disorders.

Inflammatory ulcerative diseases of the oral mucosa are wide ranging but include especially aphthous and aphthous-like ulceration, vesiculobullous disorders and erosive lichen planus (LP). While most patients with these conditions respond to conventional topical and/or systemic immunosuppressive agents, treatment-resistant cases remain challenging. In these, the use of biologics such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors or rituximab may be of benefit.

Biologics in oral medicine: principles of use and practical considerations.

Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 525-536 Biologic therapies are relatively innovative treatments aimed at modulating lymphocytes or cytokines. There are currently three broad classes of biologic therapies, tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors, lymphocyte modulators and interleukin inhibitors; all are increasingly used in the treatment of inflammatory immune-mediated conditions, and several have potential applications in oral medicine. Guidelines for their use in licensed indications (e.

Biologics in oral medicine: oral Crohn's disease and orofacial granulomatosis.

Antitumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) therapy has a potential to benefit patients with oral lesions of Crohn's disease (CD) and patients with orofacial granulomatosis (OFG). The most appropriate use would appear to be in patients with severe or multisystem features, where other available agents have failed or have been associated with adverse effects. TNF-α antagonists (infliximab in particular) have a role in the management of orofacial CD and OFG, but potential adverse effects of TNF-α antagonists include acute infusion reactions, infection and increased risk of malignancy.

Efficacy of tumour necrosis factor-α antagonists in aphthous ulceration: review of published individual patient data.

Background: Severe aphthous ulceration may require systemic immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory therapy, but a small subset of patients remains resistant to or intolerant of these agents. Although use of TNF-α antagonists in aphthous ulceration is increasingly reported, the current evidence base for use is weak and evaluation of individual cases may provide the best available data to support such use.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to review all published data on the use of TNF-α antagonists in patients with severe aphthous ulceration refractory to systemic agents and discusses this in the context of any possible benefits that may guide any future use.

Concise review: transmissible animal tumors as models of the cancer stem-cell process.

Tasmanian devil facial tumor disease (DFTD) and canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) are highly unusual cancers capable of being transmitted between animals as an allograft. The concept that these tumors represent a cancer stem-cell process has never been formally evaluated. For each, evidence of self-renewal is found in the natural history of these tumors in the wild, tumor initiation in recipient animals, and serial transplantation studies.