Binding of GTP to BifA is required for the production of Pel-dependent biofilms in .

The Pel exopolysaccharide is one of the most mechanistically conserved and phylogenetically diverse bacterial biofilm matrix determinants. Pel is a major contributor to the structural integrity of biofilms, and its biosynthesis is regulated by the binding of cyclic-3',5'-dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) to the PelD receptor. c-di-GMP is synthesized from two molecules of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) by diguanylate cyclases with GGDEF domains and degraded by phosphodiesterases with EAL or HD-GYP domains.

Identifying barriers and facilitators along the hepatitis C care cascade to inform human-centered design of contextualized treatment protocols for vulnerable populations in Austin, Texas: a qualitative study.

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of liver-related mortality and morbidity. Despite effective direct acting antivirals and a simplified treatment algorithm, limited access to HCV treatment in vulnerable populations, including people experiencing homelessness (PEH) and people who inject drugs (PWID), hinders global elimination. Adapting the evidence-based, simplified HCV treatment algorithm to the organizational and contextual realities of non-traditional clinic settings serving vulnerable populations can help overcome specific barriers to HCV care.

gen. nov. sp. nov., isolated from a human clinical sample.

The diversity of bacteria associated with biopsy material obtained from patients with colorectal cancer was investigated using culture techniques. A novel bacterium, strain CC70A, was isolated by diluting a sample of homogenized tissue in anaerobic medium, and then plating to yield a pure culture. Strain CC70A was a Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium.

A nurse-led intervention in patients with newly diagnosed cancer and Type 2 diabetes: A pilot randomized controlled trial feasibility study.

Background: Undiagnosed Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been associated with advanced stage cancer at diagnosis, higher mortality, and lower long-term all-cause survival. This was a RCT pilot study to examine the feasibility of a nurse-led T2D intervention for adults with newly diagnosed cancer (≤3 months), and T2D, undiagnosed or untreated with medication, conducted at an outpatient oncology clinic affiliated with a large academic institution.

Methods: Participants needed to meet the eligibility criteria including a HbA1c level between 6.

Development, implementation, and feasibility of site-specific hepatitis C virus treatment workflows for treating vulnerable, high-risk populations: protocol of the Erase Hep C study - a prospective single-arm intervention trial.

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading indication for liver transplantation and liver-related mortality. The development of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) and a simplified treatment algorithm with a > 97% cure rate should make global elimination of HCV an achievable goal. Yet, vulnerable populations with high rates of HCV still have limited access to treatment.

Ethnic Variations in Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes From Newer Glucose-Lowering Drugs: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Outcome Trials.

Background Hispanic populations are more likely to develop diabetes and its related diseases than non-Hispanic White populations. Little evidence exists to support whether the cardiovascular and renal benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are generalizable to the Hispanic populations. Methods and Results We included the cardiovascular and renal outcome trials (up to March 2021) that reported the major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), cardiovascular death/hospitalization for heart failure, and composite renal outcomes by ethnicity in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), calculated pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs using fixed-effects models, and tested the differences between Hispanic and non-Hispanic populations ( for interaction []).

The Sia System and c-di-GMP Play a Crucial Role in Controlling Cell-Association of Psl in Planktonic P. aeruginosa.

Many bacterial species use the secondary messenger, c-di-GMP, to promote the production of biofilm matrix components. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, c-di-GMP production is stimulated upon initial surface contact and generally remains high throughout biofilm growth. Transcription of several gene clusters, including the Sia signal transduction system, are induced in response to high cellular levels of c-di-GMP.

Examining the relationship between metformin dose and cancer survival: A SEER-Medicare analysis.

Cancer is a major health problem in the U.S and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is known to increase the risk for the development of many cancers. Metformin, a first-line therapy for treating T2DM, is increasingly being used for its anticancer effects; however, the literature is limited on the effect of metformin dose on overall survival in patients with stage IV cancer.

Differences in stakeholder-reported barriers and implementation strategies between counties with high, middle, and low HPV vaccine initiation rates: a mixed methods study.

Background: A greater understanding of the county-level differences in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates could aid targeting of interventions to reduce HPV-related cancer disparities.

Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods study to compare the stakeholder-reported barriers and efforts to increase HPV vaccination rates between counties within the highest, middle, and lowest HPV vaccine initiation (receipt of the first dose) rates among 22 northern Florida counties. Between August 2018 and April 2019, we recruited stakeholders (n = 68) through purposeful and snowball sampling to identify potential participants who were most knowledgeable about the HPV vaccination activities within their county and would represent a variety of viewpoints to create a diverse picture of each county, and completed semi-structured interviews.

HomeStyles-2 for SNAP-Ed families with children in middle childhood: Cluster randomized trial protocol.

Background: Childhood obesity prevention efforts are needed in the United States, especially for families with low income. The purpose of this study is to determine whether HomeStyles-2, a nutrition education and childhood obesity prevention program for families with children in middle childhood (ages 6 to 11 years), motivates parents to re-shape their home environments and weight-related lifestyle practices to be more supportive of meeting national nutrition and physical activity recommendations and weight status of their children more so than those in the control condition.

Methods: A research-practice partnership with Florida's Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) program was formed to conduct a cluster randomized trial to evaluate the HomeStyles-2 intervention.

The Wsp system of links surface sensing and cell envelope stress.

Surface sensing is a critical process that promotes the transition to a biofilm lifestyle. Several surface-sensing mechanisms have been described for a range of species, most involving surface appendages, such as flagella and pili. Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses the Wsp chemosensory-like signal transduction pathway to sense surfaces and promote biofilm formation.

Comparison of Maxillary Lateral Incisor Infiltration Pain Using the Dentapen and a Traditional Syringe: A Prospective Randomized Study.

Introduction: The anterior maxillary infiltration is one of the more painful dental injections. The Dentapen is an electronic syringe that uses computer-controlled delivery technology to administer dental local anesthesia at a slow controlled rate. The purpose of this prospective, randomized, single-blind study was to evaluate solution deposition pain of a maxillary lateral incisor infiltration using the Dentapen with the slow flow rate (1.

Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa Can Produce Calcium-Gelled Biofilms Independent of the Matrix Components Psl and CdrA.

Biofilms are aggregates of microorganisms embedded in an extracellular matrix comprised largely of exopolysaccharides (EPSs), nucleic acids, and proteins. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen that is also a model organism for studying biofilms in the laboratory. Here, we define a novel program of biofilm development used by mucoid (alginate-overproducing) P.

Food Insecurity Is Associated with Mental-Physical Comorbidities among U.S. Adults: NHANES 2013 to 2016.

The co-occurrence of mental and physical conditions has increased significantly during the last decade. However, research examining the influence of social factors such as food insecurity is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between food insecurity and mental-physical comorbidity status among U.

Differential impact of telehealth extended-care programs for weight-loss maintenance in African American versus white adults.

Extended-care interventions have been demonstrated to improve maintenance of weight loss after the end of initial obesity treatment; however, it is unclear whether these programs are similarly effective for African American versus White participants. The current study examined differences in effectiveness of individual versus group telephone-based extended-care on weight regain, compared to educational control, in 410 African American (n = 82) and White (n = 328) adults with obesity (mean ± SD age = 55.6 ± 10.

Group Social Support Facilitates Adoption of Healthier Behaviors Among Black Women in a Community-Initiated National Diabetes Prevention Program.

The aim of this study was to better understand facilitators and barriers of the early adoption of healthy eating and physical activity behaviors among Black women participating in a community-based, community-initiated diabetes education program. We held focus groups with participants ( = 14) ages 24 to 90 years. Participants were recruited from a multisite, community-based diabetes prevention program in the Southeastern United States.

L-Arabinose Transport and Metabolism in Influences Biofilm Formation.

L-arabinose inducible promoters are commonly used in gene expression analysis. However, nutrient source and availability also play a role in biofilm formation; therefore, L-arabinose metabolism could impact biofilm development. In this study we examined the impact of L-arabinose on serovar Typhimurium (.

Rural exclusion from science and academia.

Rural individuals are underrepresented in science at all levels. The disenfranchisement of rural people in science and research foments a cultural divide between rural America and the scientific community. Science can improve inclusion of rural individuals by removing barriers in academia that disfavor those from first-generation and low-socioeconomic backgrounds.

Protecting providers and patients: results of an Internet survey of health care workers' risk perceptions and ethical concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has generated worldwide scarcity of critical resources to protect against and treat disease. Shortages of face masks and other protective equipment place health workers, already on the frontline of the disease, at higher risk. Moral distress from making difficult decisions about allocating scarce resources and care to patients ill with COVID-19 can further add to burdens health workers face.