Preliminary effects of oral ANS-6637, an ALDH2 inhibitor, on cue-induced craving, safety and alcohol consumption among adults with alcohol use disorder: a proof-of-concept, randomized, human laboratory trial.

Aims: We evaluated the safety, efficacy, and patient adherence to oral ANS-6637, a selective, reversible inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), for treating alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Methods: A 3-arm, double-blind, randomized, proof-of-concept human laboratory study embedded in a 5-week multisite clinical trial tested 200 mg and 600 mg daily doses of ANS-6637 compared to placebo in treatment-seeking adults with AUD. After 1 week of medication, participants completed an alcohol cue reactivity session.

An Observational Study to Determine the Prevalence of COVID-19 Among Hospitalized Patients With Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacterales Infections and Clinical Outcomes, 10 US Sites, 2020--2022.

Background: We investigated hospitalized carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) cases with and without COVID-19, as identified through Emerging Infections Program surveillance in 10 sites from 2020 to 2022.

Methods: We defined a CRE case as the first isolation of , complex, , , , or resistant to any carbapenem. We defined an ESBL-E case as the first isolation of , , or resistant to any third-generation cephalosporin and nonresistant to all carbapenems tested.

Associations Between Exercise Capacity and Psychological Functioning in Children and Adolescents with Fontan Circulation.

Individuals with Fontan circulation (FC) often have diminished exercise capacity and are at risk for psychological problems. The current study examines associations between exercise capacity and psychological functioning in children and adolescents with FC. A multidisciplinary team evaluated participants in a clinic for pediatric patients with FC.

Understanding use of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation among a sample of US adults.

Introduction: Many adults who smoke cigarettes report trying e-cigarettes to quit smoking. Understanding the use of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation and the type of support that adults desire when trying to quit smoking is important for supporting cessation attempts and maximizing smoking abstinence.

Methods: In summer 2021, an online survey of 857 adults who reported a history of regular cigarette smoking and endorsed using e-cigarettes in a recent smoking cessation attempt was conducted.

Food purchase diversity is associated with market food diversity and diets of children and their mothers but not fathers in rural Tanzania: Results from the EFFECTS baseline survey.

Rural households in East Africa rely on local markets, but the influence of market food diversity and household food purchase diversity on diets has not been well-characterized. We quantify the associations among market food diversity, household food purchase diversity and dietary diversity of mothers, fathers and children in rural Tanzania. This study uses baseline data from a randomized controlled trial, Engaging Fathers for Effective Child Nutrition and Development in Tanzania.

Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A study of the patient journey in 13 European countries.

Introduction: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable skeletal disorder and comprises various subtypes that differ in clinical presentation, with Type I considered the least severe and Types III/IV the most severe forms. The study aim was to understand the OI patient diagnostic and treatment journey across Europe.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative, descriptive study to understand the OI patient journey.

Words matter: descriptors for nicotine that comes from tobacco and descriptors for synthetic nicotine that is created in a laboratory differentially impact understanding of nicotine source and risk perceptions.

Background: Nicotine products increasingly contain synthetic nicotine made in a lab (NML), not from tobacco. 'Tobacco-free nicotine' is most often used to describe NML commercially, but other descriptors are emerging (eg, 'non-tobacco,' 'zero-tobacco'). We examined whether terms for NML differentially impact public understanding of nicotine source or risk perceptions relative to each other and to terms for describing nicotine from tobacco (NFT) as 'tobacco-derived.

Widespread service fragmentation for patients and families with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) in the Republic of Ireland.

Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare approximate 1:6000 birth incidence, a genetic disease with a wide variability of physical and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Patients require lifelong care from multiple healthcare specialities, for which International and United Kingdom (UK) TSC consensus recommendations exist. Personalised care delivered by a centralised coordinated team of TSC experts is recommended.

Multilevel Factors Impacting Substance Use Treatment Access, Engagement, and Racial Equity Among Opioid Overdose Survivors in Boston, MA.

Background: There are well-documented racial/ethnic inequities in drug-related overdoses and access to evidence-based opioid use services nationally and in Boston, MA.

Objective: To qualitatively explore the drivers of racial/ethnic inequities in access to opioid use disorder treatment and services in Boston.

Design: Semi-structured qualitative interviews.

Creating a digital approach for promoting physical activity in pediatric pulmonary hypertension: A framework for future interventions.

Children with pulmonary hypertension (PH) often demonstrate limited exercise capacity. Data support exercise as an effective nonpharmacologic intervention among adults with PH. However, data on exercise training in children and adolescents are limited, and characteristics of the optimal exercise program in pediatric PH have not been identified.

Smartband-based smoking detection and real-time brief mindfulness intervention: findings from a feasibility clinical trial.

Background: Smartbands can be used to detect cigarette smoking and deliver real time smoking interventions. Brief mindfulness interventions have been found to reduce smoking.

Objective: This single arm feasibility trial used a smartband to detect smoking and deliver brief mindfulness exercises.

Carbapenem-Resistant and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales in Children, United States, 2016-2020.

2019–2020 at 6 US sites. Among 159 CRE cases in children (median age 5 years), CRE was isolated from urine for 131 (82.4%) and blood from 20 (12.

How healthcare providers and the right information may play a critical role in quitting success among smokers interested in using e-cigarettes for quitting: Results from a survey of U.S adults.

Introduction: Promoting smoking cessation is a global public health priority. E-cigarettes are increasingly being used by individuals to try quitting smoking. Identifying sources and types of information available to adults who are trying to quit, and the impact of this information during a quit attempt, is critical to augment the potential public health benefit of e-cigarettes for reducing cigarette smoking.

Evidence that personalized racial stress procedures elicit a stress response and increases alcohol craving among Black adults with alcohol use disorder: A laboratory pilot study.

Background: The objective of this study was to pilot test newly developed personalized imagery procedures to investigate the impact of racial stress on alcohol craving and emotional and physiological response in Black adults with alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Methods: Twenty Black adults (45% women, mean=37.05, SD=13.

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii complex in the United States-An epidemiological and molecular description of isolates collected through the Emerging Infections Program, 2019.

Background: Understanding the epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii complex (CRAB) and the patients impacted is an important step toward informing better infection prevention and control practices and improving public health response.

Methods: Active, population-based surveillance was conducted for CRAB in 9 U.

Contribution of Food from Market Purchases and Home Production to Child Nutrient Intake: Evidence from the EFFECTS Study Baseline Data.

Background: Child undernutrition is prevalent in Tanzania, and households rely primarily on local markets and home production as food sources. However, little is known about the contribution of food market purchases to nutrient intakes among children consuming complementary foods.

Objectives: To quantify the relationships between diversity of foods purchased and produced by households and adequate child nutrient intake in Mara, Tanzania.