Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (Neupogen®; Filgrastim) Accelerates Neutrophil Recovery in a Rodent Model of Sulfur Mustard-Induced Hematologic Toxicity.

Objective: Evidence of myelosuppression has been negatively correlated with patient outcomes following cases of high dose sulfur mustard (SM) exposure. These hematologic complications can negatively impact overall immune function and increase the risk of infection and life-threatening septicemia. Currently, there are no approved medical treatments for the myelosuppressive effects of SM exposure.

Rising Racial Disparities in Opioid Mortality and Undertreatment of Opioid Use Disorder and Mental Health Comorbidities in Virginia.

Introduction: There were more than 100,000 fatal drug overdoses in the U.S. in 2021 alone.

International responses addressing the under-representation of older people in clinical research.

Older people (aged 65 years +) are under-represented in clinical research across many disease areas. Such exclusions limit the generalisability of trial results and can lead to a gap in critical knowledge regarding the efficacy and safety of interventions in older age groups. International bodies and regulators have addressed this issue to varying degrees.

A Preliminary Exploration of the Impact of Aged Care Reforms on the Governance of Two Australian Residential Care Facilities.

Australia's ongoing aged care reforms have re-focused service provisions from a provider-driven policy approach to a consumer-directed care focus and redirected residential care subsidies. This study aimed (i) to identify the experiences and perceptions of people involved in the governance of residential care facilities about their management of changes due to new accreditation requirements and funding mechanisms, and (ii) to describe their strategic responses to aged care reform changes. A qualitative description design used interviews exploring perspectives of Board Chairs, Board Directors, and Chief Executive Officers of two NSW-based residential care organizations.

From mainstream employment to mainstream retirement: A randomised controlled trial of a transition to retirement intervention for adults with intellectual disability.

Background: We evaluated a transition to retirement intervention that adapted strategies used to support employment of people with intellectual disability in mainstream workplaces. The intervention facilitated their independent participation in mainstream community groups and volunteering.

Methods: We randomised 29 older Australians who currently/previously worked in mainstream employment into an intervention group or wait-list control group.

'I could no longer cope at home': Experiences of clients and families in residential aged care within the context of Australia's aged care reforms.

Objectives: Since 2012, Australia has been undertaking major aged care reforms, moving from a previously service provider-focussed approach to a more consumer-oriented policy direction. There is limited research examining consumer perspectives of residential care in the reform environment particularly with respect to both clients and their families. This study explores the lived experiences of clients and families in residential aged care facilities amid the reform implementation process.

Feasibility of Patient Navigation for Care Planning in Primary Care.

Objectives: To help better control chronic conditions we need to address root causes of poor health like unhealthy behaviors, mental health, and social needs. However, addressing these needs in primary care is difficult. One solution may be connecting patients with a navigator for support creating a personal care goal.

Patient Preferences for Discussing and Acting on Health-Related Needs in Primary Care.

Background: Addressing social needs, health behaviors, and mental health may help patients more than traditional medical care. However, these root causes of poor health are difficult to address and the role of primary care is unclear. This qualitative study assesses patient's willingness and motivations to discuss and accept assistance for these needs from their primary care team.

Differences in mental health engagement and follow-up among Black and White patients after traumatic injury.

Background: Severe injury necessitating hospitalization is experienced by nearly three million US adults annually. Posttraumatic stress disorder and depression are prevalent clinical outcomes. The mechanisms by which programs equitably promote mental health recovery among trauma-exposed patients are understudied.

Frustration, Cognition, and Psychophysiology in Dysregulated Children: A Research Domain Criteria Approach.

Objective: Dysregulated children experience significant impairment in regulating their affect, behavior, and cognitions and are at risk for numerous adverse sequelae. The unclear phenomenology of their symptoms presents a barrier to evidence-based diagnosis and treatment.

Method: The cognitive, behavioral, and psychophysiological mechanisms of dysregulation were examined in a mixed clinical and community sample of 294 children ages 7-17 using the Research Domain Criteria constructs of cognitive control and frustrative nonreward.

Exploring the Relationship Between Community Program Location and Community Needs.

Introduction: Health behaviors, mental health, and social needs impact health, but addressing these needs is difficult. Clinicians can partner with community programs to provide patients support. The relationship between program location and community need is uncertain.

Stakeholder input on a care planning tool to address unhealthy behaviors, mental health needs, and social risks: The value of different stakeholder perspectives.

This report describes how stakeholder groups informed a web-based care planning tool's development for addressing root causes of poor health. Stakeholders included community members (n = 6), researchers (n = 6), community care providers (n = 9), and patients (n = 17). Feedback was solicited through focus groups, semi-structured interviews, and user experience observations and then qualitatively analyzed to identify themes.

The Distressed State of Primary Care in Virginia Pre-Medicaid Expansion and Pre-Pandemic.

Background: Primary care is crucial to the health of individuals and communities, but it faces numerous structural and systemic challenges. Our study assessed the state of primary care in Virginia to prepare for Medicaid expansion. It also provides insight into the frontline of health care prior to an unprecedented global COVID-19 pandemic.

Perspectives of operational staff working in residential care and aged care reforms.

Australia is undergoing major aged care reforms, changing from the previous service provider-driven approach to consumer-directed care principles. In residential aged care, this has resulted in a significant reduction in government funding in order to support reform initiatives in home and community-based care. There has been limited research on the impact of structural aspects of the reforms such as the effect of changes in funding focus.

Induction of cell death in ovarian cancer cells by doxorubicin and oncolytic vaccinia virus is associated with CREB3L1 activation.

We have demonstrated that oncolytic vaccinia virus synergizes with doxorubicin (DOX) in inducing immunogenic cell death in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cells and increases survival in syngeneic and xenograft tumor models. However, the mechanisms underlying the virus- and doxorubicin-mediated cancer cell death remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of the oncolytic virus and doxorubicin used alone or in combination on activation of the cytoplasmic transcription factor CREB3L1 (cyclic AMP [cAMP] response element-binding protein 3-like 1) in ovarian cancer cell lines and clinical specimens.

Family Members' Understanding of the End-of-Life Wishes of People Undergoing Maintenance Dialysis.

Background And Objectives: People receiving maintenance dialysis must often rely on family members and other close persons to make critical treatment decisions toward the end of life. Contemporary data on family members' understanding of the end-of-life wishes of members of this population are lacking.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: Among 172 family members of people undergoing maintenance dialysis, we ascertained their level of involvement in the patient's care and prior discussions about care preferences.

Selecting an anti-malarial clinical candidate from two potent dihydroisoquinolones.

Background: The ongoing global malaria eradication campaign requires development of potent, safe, and cost-effective drugs lacking cross-resistance with existing chemotherapies. One critical step in drug development is selecting a suitable clinical candidate from late leads. The process used to select the clinical candidate SJ733 from two potent dihydroisoquinolone (DHIQ) late leads, SJ733 and SJ311, based on their physicochemical, pharmacokinetic (PK), and toxicity profiles is described.

Using a smartphone application (App) to assist older adults to navigate their local area during extreme weather events and changing environmental conditions: A qualitative study.

Objective: To explore the views of those in later life on the usability of a smartphone application (app) which could assist in negotiating the external environment, particularly during extreme weather and local environmental changes.

Methods: Seven adults aged over 55 years (four women, three men) living in Sydney, Australia, participated in focus groups. Responses were analysed thematically.

Sonographers' level of autonomy in communication in Australian obstetric settings: Does it affect their professional identity?

Introduction: Unlike the United Kingdom, policies in Australia prevent sonographers from exercising autonomy in their level of communication with pregnant patients in the event of adverse findings. The organisational structure makes the sonographer dependent on the sonologist because sonographers do not have the authority to provide the official report. The emotional labour on sonographers is increased as they struggle to provide patient-centred care, given the limits put on their communication during the ultrasound examination.

Enhanced care planning and clinical-community linkages versus usual care to address basic needs of patients with multiple chronic conditions: a clinician-level randomized controlled trial.

Background: Many patients with poorly controlled multiple chronic conditions (MCC) also have unhealthy behaviors, mental health challenges, and unmet social needs. Medical management of MCC may have limited benefit if patients are struggling to address their basic life needs. Health systems and communities increasingly recognize the need to address these issues and are experimenting with and investing in new models for connecting patients with needed services.

Retirees' perceptions of goal setting: A qualitative study.

Objective: To investigate the language and meanings that retirees give to goals, including their perceptions of the benefits and limitations of pursuing goals in retirement.

Methods: In-depth interviews and mini-group discussions were conducted with 60 community-dwelling Australian retirees aged 57 to 88 years. Data were transcribed and analysed thematically.

Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein (TPPP) gene methylation and corpus callosum measures in maltreated children.

The goal of the current study was to evaluate the impact of Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein (TPPP) methylation on structural and fractional anisotropy (FA) corpus callosum (CC) measures. TPPP is involved in the development of white matter tracts in the brain and was implicated in stress-related psychiatric disorders in an unbiased whole epigenome methylation study. The cohort included 63 participants (11.

Australians with intellectual disability share their experiences of retirement from mainstream employment.

Background: As part of a larger study exploring the transition to retirement for people with intellectual disability from a working life in mainstream employment, this paper reports on retirement from the perspective of those who have already retired.

Method: Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with five Australian retirees with intellectual disability. Data were analysed using grounded theory methodology.