Fingerprinting the emissions of volatile organic compounds emitted from the cooking of oils, herbs, and spices.

Emission rates for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been quantified from frying, spice and herb cooking, and cooking a chicken curry, using real-time selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) for controlled, laboratory-based experiments in a semi-realistic kitchen. Emissions from 7 different cooking oils were investigated during the frying of wheat flatbread (puri). These emissions were dominated by ethanol, octane, nonane and a variety of aldehydes, including acetaldehyde, heptenal and hexanal, and the average concentration of acetaldehyde (0.

Use of Intraoperative Doppler Ultrasonography in Predicting Life-Threatening Vascular Complications After Adult Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation.

Aim This study aims to determine if routine use of intraoperative Doppler ultrasonography is preventative of life-threatening vascular complications (VCs) after orthotopic liver transplantation. Methods This single-center, retrospective study reviewed all adult orthotopic liver transplants at Saint Louis University Hospital from 2015 to 2020 (N = 188). The sample population consists of men and women in the age range of 18 to 75.

IMPROVING VTE RISK ASSESSMENT IN HOSPITALISED PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN IRELAND.

Background: The initial baseline audit showed that only 24% of patients had a documented VTE- RA, this demonstrated an urgent need to improve VTE-RA in hospitalised patients. This quality improvement project (QIP) aimed to achieve 90% compliance in completing the VTE-RA tool and embedding this process into practice. Several measures were carried out which included the development of a TP policy, VTE-RA tool, education sessions and monthly point prevalence audits incorporating Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA) cycles.

Palliative management of nausea and vomiting in advanced cancer.

Background: Patients with cancer often experience nausea. In some cases, a specific cause such as chemotherapeutic adverse effects, raised intracranial pressure or malignant bowel obstruction is identified. In other cases, no specific cause is apparent.

Managing Angiography Unit Failure in Interventional Radiology: Lessons in Crisis Management and Considerations in Prevention.

Functional and efficient medical equipment is at the core of modern healthcare delivery, particularly in medical imaging. Growing healthcare costs and constrained budgets can delay equipment renewal. Aging equipment risks malfunction, potentially causing injury to patients and staff, and downtimes delaying patient care and impacting departmental revenue.

"It Feels like You're Just Clawing Your Way Through": Young Adults' Experiences of Transitioning from Child and Adolescent to Adult Mental Health Services in Ireland.

Transitioning from child to adult services is a significant event for young adults. The study aimed to explore the experiences of young adults who transitioned from Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) to Adult Mental Health Services (AMHS) in Ireland. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six young adults and analysed according to interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Predictive performance of cerebrospinal fluid parameters for diagnosis of meningitis in infants: a cohort study.

Background: The gold standard for diagnosis of meningitis is the isolation of a pathogen from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by culture or PCR. However, treatment is routinely commenced based on CSF findings prior to microbiological results. This study determined the predictive value of CSF parameters for diagnosing bacterial and viral meningitis in young infants.

A Unique Presentation of Diffuse Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm of Bile Duct Successfully Treated With Orthotopic Liver Transplant and Pancreaticoduodenectomy Procedure: A Case Report.

Biliary intraepithelial neoplasm (BilIN) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the bile duct (IPMN-B) are recognized as the two main precursors to biliary carcinoma. Surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment, with pancreaticoduodenectomy for extrahepatic biliary duct disease involving the pancreatic or distal portion of the bile duct, and bile duct and liver resection for perihilar and intrahepatic bile duct involvement. For diffuse IPMN-B with involvement of the entirety of the biliary epithelium of both intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary systems, there is no well-documented consensus on treatment due to its rarity.

Intronic RNA secondary structural information captured for the human pre-mRNA.

To address the lack of intronic reads in secondary structure probing data for the human pre-mRNA, we developed a method that combines spliceosomal inhibition with RNA probing and sequencing. Here, the SIRP-seq method was applied to study the secondary structure of human RNAs by chemically probing HeLa cells with dimethyl sulfate in the presence of the small molecule spliceosome inhibitor pladienolide B. Pladienolide B binds to the SF3B complex of the spliceosome to inhibit intron removal during splicing, resulting in retained intronic sequences.

The impact of surfaces on indoor air chemistry following cooking and cleaning.

Cooking and cleaning are common sources of indoor air pollutants, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The chemical fate of VOCs indoors is determined by both gas-phase and multi-phase chemistry, and can result in the formation of potentially hazardous secondary pollutants. Chemical interactions at the gas-surface boundary play an important role in indoor environments due to the characteristically high surface area to volume ratios (SAVs).

Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know About Designing a Clinical Trial in Palliative Care.

The palliative care field is experiencing substantive growth in clinical trial-based research. Randomized controlled trials provide the necessary rigor and conditions for assessing a treatment's efficacy in a controlled population. It is therefore important that a trial is meticulously designed from the outset to ensure the integrity of the ultimate results.

Toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitor combinations in solid tumours: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Unlabelled: The combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) can be associated with significant toxicity. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the toxicity of combination treatment of ICIs with TKIs (ICI + TKI) in clinical trials with solid organ malignancies. Our primary endpoint explored the incidence of grade 3 - 5 (G3-5) treatment-related toxicity and our secondary endpoints included the incidence of toxicity by treatment type, disease type and studies with run-in strategies.

Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know About Interpreting a Clinical Trial.

Evidence-based practice is foundational to high-quality palliative care delivery. However, the clinical trials that compose the evidence base are often methodologically imperfect. Applying their conclusions without critical application to the clinical practice context can harm patients.

Akt2 deficiency impairs Th17 differentiation, augments Th2 differentiation, and alters the peripheral response to immunization.

Akt1 and Akt2, isoforms of the serine threonine kinase Akt, are essential for T cell development. However, their role in peripheral T cell differentiation remains undefined. Using mice with germline deletions of either Akt1 or Akt2, we found that both isoforms are important for Th17 differentiation, although Akt2 loss had a greater impact than loss of Akt1.

Systemic immune challenge exacerbates neurodegeneration in a model of neurological lysosomal disease.

Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA) is a rare paediatric lysosomal storage disorder, caused by the progressive accumulation of heparan sulphate, resulting in neurocognitive decline and behavioural abnormalities. Anecdotal reports from paediatricians indicate a more severe neurodegeneration in MPS IIIA patients, following infection, suggesting inflammation as a potential driver of neuropathology. To test this hypothesis, we performed acute studies in which WT and MPS IIIA mice were challenged with the TLR3-dependent viral mimetic poly(I:C).

Eomes expression identifies the early bone marrow precursor to classical NK cells.

Natural killer (NK) cells traffic through the blood and mount cytolytic and interferon-γ (IFNγ)-focused responses to intracellular pathogens and tumors. Type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) also produce type 1 cytokines but reside in tissues and are not cytotoxic. Whether these differences reflect discrete lineages or distinct states of a common cell type is not understood.

Characterisation of circulating tumor-associated and immune cells in patients with advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer.

Objectives: Globally, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent form of lung cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Tumor-associated circulating cells in NSCLC can have a wide variety of morphological and phenotypic characteristics, including epithelial, immunological or hybrid subtypes. The distinctive characteristics and potential clinical significance of these cells in patients with NSCLC are explored in this study.

A comparison of changes in drug burden index between older inpatients who fell and people who have not fallen: A case-control study.

Objective: Older inpatients who fall are often frail, with multiple co-morbidities and polypharmacy. Although the causes of falls are multifactorial, sedating and delirium-inducing drugs increase that risk. The aims were to determine whether people who fell had a change in their sedative and anticholinergic medication burden during an admission compared to people who did not fall.

The effectiveness of abstinence-based and harm reduction-based interventions in reducing problematic substance use in adults who are experiencing homelessness in high income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis: A systematic review.

Background: Homelessness is a traumatic experience, and can have a devastating effect on those experiencing it. People who are homeless often face significant barriers when accessing public services, and have often experienced adverse childhood events, extreme social disadvantage, physical, emotional and sexual abuse, neglect, low self-esteem, poor physical and mental health, and much lower life expectancy compared to the general population. Rates of problematic substance use are disproportionately high, with many using drugs and alcohol to deal with the stress of living on the street, to keep warm, or to block out memories of previous abuse or trauma.

The RNA secondary structure of androgen receptor-FL and V7 transcripts reveals novel regulatory regions.

The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-dependent nuclear transcription factor belonging to the steroid hormone nuclear receptor family. Due to its roles in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation, AR is tightly regulated to maintain proper levels of itself and the many genes it controls. AR dysregulation is a driver of many human diseases including prostate cancer.

Identification of MYC intron 2 regions that modulate expression.

MYC pre-mRNA is spliced with high fidelity to produce the transcription factor known to regulate cellular differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and alternative splicing. The mechanisms underpinning the pre-mRNA splicing of MYC, however, remain mostly unexplored. In this study, we examined the interaction of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (HNRNPC) with MYC intron 2.

The Lymphoma Epidemiology of Outcomes cohort study: Design, baseline characteristics, and early outcomes.

To address the current and long-term unmet health needs of the growing population of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients, we established the Lymphoma Epidemiology of Outcomes (LEO) cohort study (NCT02736357; https://leocohort.org/). A total of 7735 newly diagnosed patients aged 18 years and older with NHL were prospectively enrolled from 7/1/2015 to 5/31/2020 at 8 academic centers in the United States.