Endocytic recycling is central to circadian collagen fibrillogenesis and disrupted in fibrosis.

Collagen-I fibrillogenesis is crucial to health and development, where dysregulation is a hallmark of fibroproliferative diseases. Here, we show that collagen-I fibril assembly required a functional endocytic system that recycles collagen-I to assemble new fibrils. Endogenous collagen production was not required for fibrillogenesis if exogenous collagen was available, but the circadian-regulated vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) 33b and collagen-binding integrin α11 subunit were crucial to fibrillogenesis.

Managing Challenging Behaviour in the Adolescent Inpatient Environment.

Frontline clinical staff, typically nurses, are routinely faced with the dilemma of managing challenging, defiant and sometimes unsafe behaviours. Structures of ward rules, regulations and 'behavioural expectations' are often employed in hospital environments in service of regulating these behaviours and ensuring collective well-being. Adolescent inpatient populations, however, pose unique and particularly complex challenges for managing behavioural expectations, given the unique needs and inherent tempestuousness of this developmental period.

Diastereomer Characterization of PS-Modified Synthetic Oligonucleotides Using Cyclic IMS-MS.

Synthetic oligonucleotides have emerged as effective therapeutics that regulate gene expression to treat and prevent diseases. Oligonucleotide therapeutics are often modified with a substitution of a phosphorothioate (PS) linkage along the phosphodiester backbone to improve the drug performance and stability. The PS modification creates a mixture of diastereomer structures, increasing by a factor of 2 where is the number of PS linkages.

The Challenge Initiative: Lessons on Rapid Scale-Up of Family Planning and Adolescent and Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health Services.

The articles in this supplement showcase The Challenge Initiative’s strategies and insights for sustainably scaling evidence-based family planning and adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health interventions and emphasize the need for multipronged interventions that address the complex web of factors influencing adolescents’ and youth’s access to contraceptive services.

Diet changes due to urbanization in South Africa are linked to microbiome and metabolome signatures of Westernization and colorectal cancer.

Transition from traditional high-fiber to Western diets in urbanizing communities of Sub-Saharan Africa is associated with increased risk of non-communicable diseases (NCD), exemplified by colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. To investigate how urbanization gives rise to microbial patterns that may be amenable by dietary intervention, we analyzed diet intake, fecal 16 S bacteriome, virome, and metabolome in a cross-sectional study in healthy rural and urban Xhosa people (South Africa). Urban Xhosa individuals had higher intakes of energy (urban: 3,578 ± 455; rural: 2,185 ± 179 kcal/d), fat and animal protein.

Analysis of 1999-2017 NHANES Data: Minimal Increase and Racial Disparities in U.S. Fiber Consumption Over 18 Years.

Low dietary fiber consumption is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. The average daily fiber intake has declined over recent decades. Notably, Black Americans exhibit lower fiber consumption than other racial/ethnic groups, possibly influencing their elevated colorectal cancer rates.

A of cell-cultured meat: a scoping review.

Cell-cultured meat (CM) is a novel meat product grown from animal cells, widely framed as equivalent to conventional meat but presented as produced in a more sustainable way. Despite its limited availability for human consumption, consumer acceptance of CM (e.g.

Fibre-rich Foods to Treat Obesity and Prevent Colon Cancer trial study protocol: a randomised clinical trial of fibre-rich legumes targeting the gut microbiome, metabolome and gut transit time of overweight and obese patients with a history of noncancerous adenomatous polyps.

Introduction: Recently published studies support the beneficial effects of consuming fibre-rich legumes, such as cooked dry beans, to improve metabolic health and reduce cancer risk. In participants with overweight/obesity and a history of colorectal polyps, the Fibre-rich Foods to Treat Obesity and Prevent Colon Cancer randomised clinical trial will test whether a high-fibre diet featuring legumes will simultaneously facilitate weight reduction and suppress colonic mucosal biomarkers of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods/design: This study is designed to characterise changes in (1) body weight; (2) biomarkers of insulin resistance and systemic inflammation; (3) compositional and functional profiles of the faecal microbiome and metabolome; (4) mucosal biomarkers of CRC risk and (5) gut transit.

The SARS-CoV-2 protein ORF3c is a mitochondrial modulator of innate immunity.

The SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes a multitude of accessory proteins. Using comparative genomic approaches, an additional accessory protein, ORF3c, has been predicted to be encoded within the ORF3a sgmRNA. Expression of ORF3c during infection has been confirmed independently by ribosome profiling.

Angiopoietin-2 blockade suppresses growth of liver metastases from pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors by promoting T cell recruitment.

Improving the management of metastasis in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) is critical, as nearly half of patients with PanNETs present with liver metastases, and this accounts for the majority of patient mortality. We identified angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) as one of the most upregulated angiogenic factors in RNA-Seq data from human PanNET liver metastases and found that higher ANGPT2 expression correlated with poor survival rates. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that ANGPT2 was localized to the endothelial cells of blood vessels in PanNET liver metastases.

Dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) modulate the kinetics of lipid digestion in vitro: Impact of the bean matrix and processing.

The lipid-lowering effect of dry beans and their impact on lipid and cholesterol metabolism have been established. This study investigates the underlying mechanisms of this effect and explore how the structural integrity of processed beans influences their ability to modulate lipolysis using the INFOGEST static in vitro digestion model. Dietary fiber (DF) fractions were found to decrease lipolysis by increasing the digesta viscosity, leading to depletion-flocculation and/or coalescence of lipid droplets.

Architecture of skin inflammation in psoriasis revealed by spatial transcriptomics.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, thought to be predominantly mediated by T17 cells. Significance of other inflammatory pathways and the innate immune system is not well understood and the spatial heterogeneity of inflammation in the skin has largely been overlooked. Our aim was to create a comprehensive map of skin inflammation in psoriasis, exploring the tissue patterning of inflammation.

Gut microbiota and fecal short chain fatty acids differ with adiposity and country of origin: the METS-microbiome study.

The relationship between microbiota, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and obesity remains enigmatic. We employ amplicon sequencing and targeted metabolomics in a large (n = 1904) African origin cohort from Ghana, South Africa, Jamaica, Seychelles, and the US. Microbiota diversity and fecal SCFAs are greatest in Ghanaians, and lowest in Americans, representing each end of the urbanization spectrum.

Task-specific training versus usual care to improve upper limb function after stroke: the "Task-AT Home" randomised controlled trial protocol.

Background: Sixty percent of people have non-functional arms 6 months after stroke. More effective treatments are needed. Cochrane Reviews show low-quality evidence that task-specific training improves upper limb function.

"I've still got a job to go back to": the importance of early vocational rehabilitation after stroke.

Purpose: Returning to work is an important goal after stroke, not only as a recovery indicator but also for facilitating independent living and improved social identity. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of vocational rehabilitation and the return to work pathway after stroke.

Method: Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with purposively selected participants who had participated in a vocational rehabilitation trial.

Is Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Caused by Ultraviolet Radiation? A Comparison of UV Mutational Signatures in Malignant Melanoma and Mycosis Fungoides.

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a strong environmental carcinogen responsible for the pathogenesis of most skin cancers, including malignant melanoma (MM) and non-melanoma (keratinocyte) skin cancers. The carcinogenic role of UV was firmly established based on epidemiological evidence and molecular findings of the characteristic mutation signatures which occur during the excision repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 6,4-photoproducts. The role of UV in the pathogenesis of mycosis fungoides (MF), the most common type of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, remains controversial.

Gut microbiota and fecal short chain fatty acids differ with adiposity and country of origin: The METS-Microbiome Study.

The relationship between gut microbiota, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism, and obesity is still not well understood. Here we investigated these associations in a large (n=1904) African origin cohort from Ghana, South Africa, Jamaica, Seychelles, and the US. Fecal microbiota diversity and SCFA concentration were greatest in Ghanaians, and lowest in the US population, representing the lowest and highest end of the epidemiologic transition spectrum, respectively.

Delmopinol hydrochloride inhibits Campylobacter jejuni on skinless poultry meat, stainless steel, and high-density polyethylene food contact surfaces.

Delmopinol hydrochloride (delmopinol) is a cationic surfactant that is effective for treating and preventing gingivitis and periodontitis. This study evaluated the effectiveness of delmopinol for reducing attachment of Campylobacter jejuni to chicken meat, stainless steel, and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). These test materials were spot-inoculated with a C.

Gut microbiota and fecal short chain fatty acids differ with adiposity and country of origin: The METS-Microbiome Study.

The relationship between the gut microbiota, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism, and obesity remains unclear due to conflicting reports from studies with limited statistical power. Additionally, this association has rarely been explored in large scale diverse populations. Here, we investigated associations between fecal microbial composition, predicted metabolic potential, SCFA concentrations, and obesity in a large ( = 1,934) adult cohort of African-origin spanning the epidemiologic transition, from Ghana, South Africa, Jamaica, Seychelles, and the United States (US).

The sandwich technique for quick and efficient application of negative pressure wound therapy to the feet and hands: a case report.

NPWT is a surgical dressing that combines polyurethane foam with the subsequent application of continuous or intermittent negative pressure. NPWT facilitates granulation tissue production by macrostrain, microstrain and, if desired, fluid instillation. Sealing the polyurethane foam over the wound bed is achieved using acrylic drapes; however, this can be difficult to use in some anatomic sites.

Parenteral Nutrition.

Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a therapy to nourish patients who cannot tolerate feeding via the gut. Though a life-saving intervention, it does have risks associated. In this article, we aim to dispel myths associated with PN.

Disease-Related Malnutrition and Enteral Nutrition.

There are many misconceptions surrounding the diagnosing and treatment of malnutrition and around feeding people with enteral nutrition (EN). Often the decisions made by clinicians are made from anecdote or guidelines that may be out of date or supported by low-quality evidence. In this article, we will discuss different aspects of diagnosing malnutrition and delve deeper into the science and evidence behind certain recommendations.

Dual Action of Eeyarestatin 24 on Sec-Dependent Protein Secretion and Bacterial DNA.

Eeyarestatin 24 (ES24) is a promising new antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity. It shares structural similarity with nitrofurantoin (NFT), yet appears to have a distinct and novel mechanism: ES24 was found to inhibit SecYEG-mediated protein transport and membrane insertion in Gram-negative bacteria. However, possible additional targets have not yet been explored.