Implementation of the RQI System: Baseline Skills and Self-Report Competence and Confidence Data From 12 NLN Inaugural Change Agent Nursing Programs.

Aim: This article describes the implementation, baseline cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills, and competence and confidence in skills of participants in 12 nursing programs piloting the Resuscitation Quality Improvement (RQI) program. Of 1,847 participants, 175 had not previously completed a CPR course.

Method: Schools could choose the sequence for completing baselines skills and required e-learning modules.

A top-down slow breathing circuit that alleviates negative affect in mice.

Although breathing is primarily automatic, its modulation by behavior and emotions suggests cortical inputs to brainstem respiratory networks, which hitherto have received little characterization. Here we identify in mice a top-down breathing pathway from dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) neurons to pontine reticular nucleus GABAergic inhibitory neurons (PnC), which then project to the ventrolateral medulla (VLM). dACC→PnC activity correlates with slow breathing cycles and volitional orofacial behaviors and is influenced by anxiogenic conditions.

Defining the tipping point for revision reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

Background: This study sought to characterize the tipping point values (the functional scores that patients deem dysfunctional enough to warrant surgery) for patients undergoing first revision reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA).

Methods: This study was a retrospective review of a prospectively collected single-institution database of patients undergoing first revision rTSA between August 2015 and December 2019. Tipping point evaluation utilized preoperative scores including the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), raw and normalized Constant, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), Simple Shoulder Test (SST), and University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) scores, and active range of motion including abduction, forward elevation (FE), external rotation (ER), and internal rotation score (IR) prior to elective revision rTSA.

Evaluating the usefulness of Protection Motivation Theory for predicting climate change mitigation behavioral intentions among a US sample of climate change deniers and acknowledgers.

Background: This paper summarizes data from 7 studies that used Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) to guide climate messaging with the goal of increasing climate-mitigating behavioral intentions. Together, the studies address 5 research questions. 1) Does PMT predict behavioral intentions in the context of climate change mitigation? 2) Does PMT work similarly for climate change deniers vs acknowledgers? 3) Are the effects of threat and efficacy additive or multiplicative? 4) Does adding measures of collective threat and efficacy improve the model accuracy for a collective problem like climate change? 5) Can threat and efficacy appraisals - and ultimately behavioral intentions - be shifted through climate messaging?

Methods: Seven online experiments were conducted on US adults (N = 3,761) between 2020 and 2022.

Overdose Detection Among High-Risk Opioid Users Via a Wearable Chest Sensor in a Supervised Injecting Facility: Protocol for an Observational Study.

Background: Opioid overdose is a global health crisis, affecting over 27 million individuals worldwide, with more than 100,000 drug overdose deaths in the United States in 2022-2023. This protocol outlines the development of the PneumoWave chest biosensor, a wearable device being designed to detect respiratory depression in real time through chest motion measurement, intending to enhance early intervention and thereby reduce fatalities.

Objective: The study aims to (1) differentiate opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) from nonfatal opioid use patterns to develop and refine an overdose detection algorithm and (2) examine participants' acceptability of the chest biosensor.

Clinical outcomes of over-the-top subscapularis repair in reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

Background: Biomechanical research demonstrates increased subscapularis abduction range of motion (ROM) when the tendon's upper two-thirds is repaired over-the-top of the center of rotation during reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). This study compares the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing RSA with over-the-top subscapularis repair (OTTR) to patients without repair.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 97 consecutive RSAs with either OTTR of the subscapularis (N = 75) or no repair (N = 22).

Health-promotion interventions targeting multiple behaviors: A meta-analytic review of general and behavior-specific processes of change.

Although health-promotion interventions that recommend changes across multiple behavioral domains are a newer alternative to single-behavior interventions, their general efficacy and their mechanisms of change have not been fully ascertained. This comprehensive meta-analysis (6,878 effect sizes from 803 independent samples from 364 research reports, = 186,729 participants) examined the association between the number of behavioral recommendations in multiple-behavior interventions and behavioral and clinical change across eight domains (i.e.

Distribution of rapid HCV antibody self-test kits via needle/syringe dispensing machines: Implementation and evaluation of the Vend-C pilot study in Melbourne, Australia.

Recent guidance from the World Health Organization strongly recommended hepatitis C virus (HCV) self-testing. We implemented the Vend-C pilot study to explore the effectiveness and feasibility of distributing rapid HCV antibody self-test kits to people who inject drugs via needle/syringe dispensing machines (SDMs). Over a 51-day study period between August and September 2022, we distributed HCV antibody self-test kits via two SDMs.

Epidemiology of acute infections in people who inject drugs in Australia.

Issues: People who inject drugs are at risk of acute infections, such as skin and soft tissue infections, infective endocarditis, bone and joint infections and bloodstream infections. There has been an increase in these infections in people who inject drugs internationally over the past 10 years. However, the local data regarding acute infections in Australia has not been well described.

Quantifying success after first revision reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: the minimal and substantial clinically important percentage of maximal possible improvement.

Background: When patients require reoperation after primary shoulder arthroplasty, revision reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) is most commonly performed. However, defining clinically important improvement in these patients is challenging because benchmarks have not been previously defined. Furthermore, although the minimal clinically important difference and substantial clinical benefit are commonly used to assess clinically relevant success, these metrics are limited by ceiling effects that may cause inaccurate estimates of patient success.

The eliminate hepatitis C (EC) experience study: baseline characteristics of a cohort of people who inject drugs in Melbourne, Australia.

Objectives: Direct-acting antivirals provide an opportunity to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a public health threat in Australia, yet barriers to care remain. In this study, we use baseline data from a longitudinal cohort of people who inject drugs to understand differences in participant characteristics and explore experiences of stigma, health service utilisation and health literacy between three care cascade groups.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Patients' access to and acceptance of community-based hepatitis C testing and treatment in Myanmar: A mixed-method study.

Hepatitis C (HCV) infection elimination in low- and middle-income countries requires decentralised HCV services to increase testing and linkage to care. The CT2 Study investigated patients' views of access to and acceptance of two community-based HCV care models in Myanmar using a mixed-methods approach. Point-of-care HCV testing and general practitioner-initiated HCV treatment were provided at two community clinics in Yangon, Myanmar-the Burnet Institute's (BI) clinic focused on people who inject drugs (PWID), and the Myanmar Liver Foundation's (MLF) clinic focused on people with liver-related diseases.

Commentary on "Do Vaping Prevention Messages Impact Adolescents and Young Adults? A Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies".

Preventing vaping by adolescents and young adults is unquestionably an important goal. Ma et al.'s meta-analysis invites the conclusion that vaping prevention messages are effective.

Quantifying success after first revision reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: the minimal clinically important difference, substantial clinical benefit, and patient acceptable symptomatic state.

Background: When patients require revision of primary shoulder arthroplasty, revision reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) is most commonly performed. However, defining clinically important improvement in these patients is challenging because benchmarks have not been previously defined. Our purpose was to define the minimal clinically important difference (MCID), substantial clinical benefit (SCB), and patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) for outcome scores and range of motion (ROM) after revision rTSA and to quantify the proportion of patients achieving clinically relevant success.

Unethical behaviour in the military: The role of supervisor ethicality, ethical climate, and right-wing authoritarianism.

Using an anonymous self-report survey of 350 Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) personnel, this study investigated the effect of perceptions of the ethicality of one's immediate supervisor (supervisor ethics), right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), and ethical climate on self-reported unethical behavior in the form of discrimination and obeying an unlawful command (past behavior, behavioral intentions). As well, we investigated how supervisor ethics and RWA interact when predicting unethical behavior, and whether ethical climate mediated the relation between supervisor ethics and self-reported unethical behavior. Unethical behavior depended on perceptions of the ethicality of one's supervisor and RWA.

Nurse-led initiation of hepatitis C care in rural Cambodia.

Objective: To determine whether a nurse-led model of care for patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections can provide safe and effective diagnosis and treatment in a resource-poor setting in rural Cambodia.

Methods: The nurse-led initiation pilot project was implemented by in collaboration with the Cambodian health ministry in two operational districts in Battambang Province between 1 June and 30 September 2020. Nursing staff at 27 rural health centres were trained to identify signs of decompensated liver cirrhosis and to provide HCV treatment.

Comparison of clinical outcomes of revision reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for failed primary anatomic vs. reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

Background: Both anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) are being increasingly performed. In the event of a complication necessitating revision, RTSA is more commonly performed in both scenarios. The purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcomes between patients undergoing revision RTSA for failed primary anatomic versus reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.

A top-down slow breathing circuit that alleviates negative affect.

Breathing is profoundly influenced by both behavior and emotion and is the only physiological parameter that can be volitionally controlled. This indicates the presence of cortical-to-brainstem pathways that directly control brainstem breathing centers, but the neural circuit mechanisms of top-down breathing control remain poorly understood. Here, we identify neurons in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) that project to the pontine reticular nucleus caudalis (PnC) and function to slow breathing rates.

Impact of Perioperative Dexamethasone on Hospital Length of Stay and Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate effects of perioperative dexamethasone on hospital length of stay (LOS) and glycemic control for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods: We performed retrospective case review of THA performed in adults (≥18 years old) with type 2 diabetes at Springfield Memorial Hospital (Springfield, IL) immediately before (2013), during (2014), and after (2015) publication of consensus guidelines for use of perioperative dexamethasone. Hospital LOS was the primary endpoint.

Does sexuality matter? A cross-sectional study of drug use, social injecting, and access to injection-specific care among men who inject drugs in Melbourne, Australia.

Background: Gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) are overrepresented in cohorts of people who inject drugs. GBMSM's substance use is usually explored in the context of its contribution to sexual risk. We examined drug use practices, connectedness to other people who inject drugs, peer-to-peer injecting, and access to care among men who inject drugs in Melbourne, Australia.

Survivorship analysis of revision reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.

Background: The expansion of indications for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) has resulted in a rapid increase in the incidence of subsequent revision procedures. The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence and risk factors for re-revision shoulder arthroplasty after first revision RTSA.

Methods: We retrospectively queried our institutional shoulder arthroplasty database of prospectively collected data from 2003 to 2019.

Analysis of four syringe dispensing machine point-of-access data 2017-2020 in Melbourne, Australia: machine utilisation and client demographics.

Background: Australian needle and syringe distribution occurs via a mix of modalities, including syringe dispensing machines (SDMs). SDMs are electronic vending machines providing (often) 24-h access to needles/syringes and may attract greater numbers of people who are younger, female, and/or have limited connection to health care services compared to individuals accessing fixed-site needle and syringe programs (NSPs). However, validating the demographic characteristics of SDM clients has proven difficult in previous research.

Risk stratification for pregnancy-associated venous thromboembolism: Potential role for global coagulation assays.

Risk assessment for venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and the puerperium is currently limited to stratifying clinical surrogate risk factors without high-quality evidence. While the absolute risk of pregnancy-associated venous thromboembolism is low for the vast majority of women, associated morbidity and mortality remains significant. As guidelines for thromboprophylaxis vary widely, some women may be under- or over-anticoagulated, contributing to poor outcomes.