Can you name that tablet? A cross-sectional study on recognition of common urology medications.

Introduction: Clinicians frequently rely on patients to accurately tell them what prescription medications and doses they are taking in outpatient visits. This information is essential to monitor the efficacy of a medication and to determine any adverse interactions. This study aimed to assess urologist and urology trainee's visual recognition of common urology medications.

Peri-operative and long-term outcomes of kidney transplantation in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Introduction: There is a lack of data regarding the peri-operative and long-term outcomes of kidney transplantation in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Herein, we report the peri-operative and long-term outcomes of kidney transplantation in CF patients.

Materials And Methods: All CF patients who received a kidney transplant at the national kidney transplant center between 1993 and 2022 were identified.

Kynurenine monooxygenase regulates inflammation during critical illness and recovery in experimental acute pancreatitis.

Kynurenine monooxygenase (KMO) blockade protects against multiple organ failure caused by acute pancreatitis (AP), but the link between KMO and systemic inflammation has eluded discovery until now. Here, we show that the KMO product 3-hydroxykynurenine primes innate immune signaling to exacerbate systemic inflammation during experimental AP. We find a tissue-specific role for KMO, where mice lacking Kmo solely in hepatocytes have elevated plasma 3-hydroxykynurenine levels that prime inflammatory gene transcription.

The decline in transurethral resection of the prostate gland in Irish public hospitals between 2005 and 2021.

Background: Lower urinary tract symptoms due to an enlarged prostate is a common condition. Transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP) has been the gold standard treatment. The objective of this study was to assess the trends in the prevalence of TURP procedures in Irish public hospitals within the period of 2005-2021.

Global Epidemiology of Hip Fractures: Secular Trends in Incidence Rate, Post-Fracture Treatment, and All-Cause Mortality.

In this international study, we examined the incidence of hip fractures, postfracture treatment, and all-cause mortality following hip fractures, based on demographics, geography, and calendar year. We used patient-level healthcare data from 19 countries and regions to identify patients aged 50 years and older hospitalized with a hip fracture from 2005 to 2018. The age- and sex-standardized incidence rates of hip fractures, post-hip fracture treatment (defined as the proportion of patients receiving anti-osteoporosis medication with various mechanisms of action [bisphosphonates, denosumab, raloxifene, strontium ranelate, or teriparatide] following a hip fracture), and the all-cause mortality rates after hip fractures were estimated using a standardized protocol and common data model.

Comparability of Osteoporosis Treatment Groups Among Female Medicare Beneficiaries in the United States.

It is often difficult to obtain valid estimates of comparative treatment effectiveness and safety owing to differences across patient populations taking different medications in the real world. One approach for assessing comparability between treatment groups in effectiveness studies is to use negative control outcomes (NCOs). NCOs share similar sources of bias with the primary outcomes but have no plausible causal relationship to the treatment of interest.

Osteoporosis-related characteristics in care home residents in England: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The characteristics of care home populations, with respect to fracture risk factors, have not been well-defined.

Aim: To describe osteoporosis-related characteristics among care home residents, including fracture risk factors, fracture rates, post-fracture outcomes, and osteoporosis treatment duration.

Design & Setting: A descriptive cohort study of care home residents aged ≥60 years ( = 8366) and a matched cohort of non-care home residents ( = 16 143) in England from 2012 to 2019.

Real world evidence: Perspectives from a European Society of Cardiology Cardiovascular Round Table with contribution from the European Medicines Agency.

Real world data (RWD) refers to healthcare information that is routinely collected in electronic healthcare records (EHR), hospital and pharmacy records, patient and disease registries, and health insurance databases. The collection and analysis of this vast amount of data is an important complement to that obtained from conventional randomised controlled trials (RCT). Real world data has been used for healthcare quality improvements, to conduct clinical trials, to support drug and device development, and to inform medical guidelines.

Utilization patterns and factors associated with persistence of new users of anti-osteoporosis treatment in Denmark: a population-based cohort study.

Unlabelled: Persistence with initial treatment was highest after 1 year, decreasing afterwards. Persistence was highest for denosumab followed by alendronate. We identified several factors associated with treatment persistence, some of which were the same irrespective of OTx agent, which could help target subgroups of patients in terms of social and healthcare support.

Real-world effectiveness of osteoporosis treatments in Germany.

Unlabelled: This observational study assessed the impact on the fracture incidence of osteoporosis medications in postmenopausal women in Germany. Continued treatment with osteoporosis medications was associated with reductions of fracture rates in a real-world setting.

Purpose: The efficacy of osteoporosis medications has been demonstrated in clinical trials, but a lack of evidence exists of their real-world effectiveness.

Exploring the treatment gap among patients with osteoporosis-related fractures in France.

Unlabelled: The use of anti-osteoporosis treatment following a diagnosis of osteoporosis with fracture or a relevant fragility fracture remains low in France. Initiating an anti-resorptive may reduce the incidence of a subsequent fracture by 60%.

Purpose: To describe real-world osteoporosis treatment patterns in individuals with a fragility fracture in France and to explore the impact of initiating treatment on the risk of subsequent fracture.

Prevalence of FRAX risk factors and the osteoporosis treatment gap among women ≥ 70 years of age in routine primary care across 8 countries in Europe.

Unlabelled: We studied whether elderly women at risk for fractures receive primary care treatment to prevent fracture. We found that across Europe, women at risk are often not identified, and less than half of such women receive appropriate treatment. Finally, women diagnosed with osteoporosis are much more likely to receive treatment.

Distal urethral carcinoma: Contemporary management with phallus preserving techniques.

Introduction: Primary urethral carcinoma is a rare clinical entity with an incidence of 1 case per million in the United Kingdom. Cancers of the distal urethra are most commonly of squamous subtype and often associated with Human Papilloma Virus infection. Penile preserving techniques are recommended in tumours of the pendulous urethra with a number of surgical approaches described.

The clinical and economic burden after an osteoporosis fracture in France: a nationwide population-based study.

Unlabelled: Osteoporosis-related fragility fractures increase the risk of subsequent fractures and are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Emphasis should be placed on the prevention of recurrent fractures, which will decrease both the clinical burden on patients and the economic burden on the health system.

Introduction: Fragility fractures are associated with increased morbidity and mortality.

Global epidemiology of hip fractures: a study protocol using a common analytical platform among multiple countries.

Introduction: Hip fractures are associated with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. Globally, there is wide variation in the incidence of hip fracture in people aged 50 years and older. Longitudinal and cross-geographical comparisons of health data can provide insights on aetiology, risk factors, and healthcare practices.

Assessment of referral patterns for boys with suspected undescended testes and identification of risk factors to aid diagnosis.

Introduction: Undescended testis (UDT) is a clinical diagnosis and a common reason for referral to paediatric urology outpatients. Our aim was to assess current referral patterns at our unit and to identify predictive factors that may better aid primary care physicians (PCP) in diagnosing UDT based on history and physical exam.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of referrals to outpatients from 2014 to 2016 was performed to assess current referral patterns including referral source, age, reason for referral and outcome following assessment by a single consultant paediatric urologist.