Advancements in the management of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.

Introduction: The management of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) has drastically changed in the last decade. The limited availability of new biologics or small molecule therapies, and concerns about durability in children has necessitated the development of other advances in management to optimize care.

Areas Covered: This review covers guidance for management targets and advances in optimizing biologic therapies, new medical therapies, adjuvant therapies, precision medicine and mental health concerns in PIBD.

Bleeding disorder of unknown cause: an illustrated review on current practice, knowledge gaps, and future perspectives.

In more than half of the individuals with a clinically relevant bleeding tendency who are referred to hemostasis experts, no biological etiology can be found after extensive laboratory testing. These persons are diagnosed with an unexplained bleeding tendency or "bleeding disorder of unknown cause" (BDUC). The mucocutaneous bleeding phenotype of individuals with BDUC is generally comparable to that of individuals with inherited bleeding disorders such as von Willebrand disease or platelet function disorders.

Empagliflozin to prevent worsening of left ventricular volumes and systolic function after myocardial infarction (EMPRESS-MI).

Aims: Patients with a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) following an acute myocardial infarction (MI) are considered to be at risk of progressive adverse cardiac remodelling which can lead to the development of heart failure and death. The early addition of a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor to standard treatment may delay or prevent progressive adverse remodelling in these patients.

Methods And Results: We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction following MI.

Effects of Arthroscopic Surgery and Non-Surgical Therapy on Hip Contact Forces in Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome.

Introduction: We compared the 12-months effects of arthroscopic surgery and physiotherapist-led care for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome on the time-varying magnitude of hip contact force and muscle contributions to hip contact force during walking.

Methods: Secondary analysis was performed on thirty-seven individuals with FAI syndrome who received biomechanical assessment before and 12-months following either arthroscopic surgery (n = 17) or physiotherapist-led care (Personalised Hip Therapy, PHT) (n = 20). At both time points, three-dimensional whole-body motions, ground reaction forces, and surface electromyograms (n = 14) were acquired during overground walking.

Detection of Illegally Manufactured Fentanyls and Carfentanil in Drug Overdose Deaths - United States, 2021-2024.

During 2023, approximately 72,000, or nearly seven in 10, drug overdose deaths in the United States were estimated to involve illegally manufactured fentanyls (IMFs). Carfentanil, a fentanyl analog 100 times more potent than fentanyl, has reemerged in the U.S.

Modeling Disability-Free Life Expectancy With Duration Dependence: A Research Note on the Bias in the Markov Assumption.

Demographic studies on healthy life expectancy often rely on the Markov assumption, which fails to consider the duration of exposure to risk. To address this limitation, models like the duration-dependent multistate life table (DDMSLT) have been developed. However, these models cannot be directly applied to left-censored survey data, as they require knowledge of the time spent in the initial state, which is rarely known because of survey design.

Litigation Following Surgery for Acute Traumatic Facial Injuries.

Introduction: The knowledge of malpractice claims after surgery for acute traumatic facial injuries can inform surgeons about potential litigation risks, case complications, and reasons for patient dissatisfaction.

Methods: The Westlaw Campus Research and LexisNexis legal databases were searched for all available court decisions associated with cases brought to suit following surgery for traumatic facial injuries. The plaintiff characteristics, date, location, specialty of the defendant, allegations, and adjudicated case outcomes were obtained from case documents and analyzed.

Effectiveness of XBB.1.5 Vaccines Against Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Older Adults During the JN.1 Lineage-Predominant Period, European VEBIS Primary Care Multicentre Study, 20 November 2023-1 March 2024.

We estimated XBB.1.5 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection among adults aged ≥ 65 years during the 2023/2024 JN.

How to optimize and evaluate diversity in gynecologic cancer clinical trials: statements from the GCIG Barcelona Meeting.

Findings from clinical trials have led to advancement of care for patients with gynecologic malignancies. However, restrictive inclusion of patients into trials has been widely criticized for inadequate representation of the real-world population. Ideally, patients enrolled in clinical trials should represent a broader population to enhance external validity and facilitate translation of outcomes across all relevant groups.

Symptom burden, coagulopathy and heart disease after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in primary practice.

SETANTA (Study of HEarT DiseAse and ImmuNiTy After COVID-19 in Ireland) study aimed to investigate symptom burden and incidence of cardiac abnormalities after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/COVID-19 and to correlate these results with biomarkers of immunological response and coagulation. SETANTA was a prospective, single-arm observational cross-sectional study condcuted in a primary practice setting, and prospectively registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT04823182).

Reported Non-Substance-Related Mental Health Disorders Among Persons Who Died of Drug Overdose - United States, 2022.

Drug overdose deaths remain a public health crisis in the United States; nearly 107,000 and nearly 108,000 deaths occurred in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Persons with mental health conditions are at increased risk for overdose. In addition, substance use disorders and non-substance-related mental health disorders (MHDs) frequently co-occur.

Anti-HMGCR myopathy: Diversity of clinical presentations in a national cohort in New Zealand.

Aims: We describe the varied clinical presentations, barriers in diagnosis and outcomes of anti-HMGCR myopathy in a large national cohort.

Methods: Adults found positive for serum anti-HMGCR autoantibodies via line blot or enzyme-immunoassay followed by immunoprecipitation were included in the study.

Results: Of 75 patients identified, the records of 72 (96 %) described weakness as the presenting symptom.

Smoking cessation prior to elective total joint arthroplasty results in sustained abstinence postoperatively.

Background: Tobacco use is a well-documented modifiable risk factor for perioperative complications.

Aim: To determine the tobacco abstinence rates of patients who made cessation efforts prior to a total joint arthroplasty (TJA) procedure.

Methods: A retrospective evaluation was performed on 88 self-reported tobacco users who underwent TJA between 2014-2022 and had tobacco cessation dates within 3 mo of surgery.