CD8+ cells and small viral reservoirs facilitate post-ART control of SIV in Mauritian cynomolgus macaques.

Sustainable HIV remission after antiretroviral therapy (ART) withdrawal, or post-treatment control (PTC), remains a top priority for HIV treatment. We observed surprising PTC in an MHC-haplomatched cohort of MHC-M3+ SIVmac239+ Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (MCMs) initiated on ART at two weeks post-infection (wpi). For six months after ART withdrawal, we observed undetectable or transient viremia in seven of eight MCMs.

Rotational stability and refractive outcomes of the DFT/DATx15 toric, extended depth of focus intraocular lens.

Purpose: To quantitatively assess postoperative rotational stability and visual acuity with the DFT/DATx15 extended depth of focus (EDOF) toric intraocular lens (IOL).

Methods: In this prospective case series, thirty-five patients with a calculated IOL power between + 15.0 D and + 25.

Directed Biosynthesis of Mitragynine Stereoisomers.

("kratom") is used as a natural remedy for pain and management of opioid dependence. The pharmacological properties of kratom have been linked to a complex mixture of monoterpene indole alkaloids, most notably mitragynine. Here, we report the central biosynthetic steps responsible for the scaffold formation of mitragynine and related corynanthe-type alkaloids.

Spatial localization of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids in Rauvolfia tetraphylla by high resolution mass spectrometry imaging.

Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) are a large group of biosynthetic compounds, which have pharmacological properties. One of these MIAs, reserpine, was discovered in the 1950s and has shown properties as an anti-hypertension and anti-microbial agent. Reserpine was found to be produced in various plant species within the genus of Rauvolfia.

The Stacked Community Engagement model: A practical model for developing community-engaged academic medical faculty.

Introduction: There is an increasing recognition of the benefits of sustained community engagement (CE) that accrue to academic health centers and the communities they serve. However, the success and sustainability of CE projects rely on the efforts of individual faculty, learners, and community members, for whom CE efforts are typically added to their professional and personal priorities and responsibilities. This competition for time and resources between priorities and CE can discourage academic medical faculty from participating in CE activities.

Effectiveness of virtual reality distraction interventions to reduce dental anxiety in paediatric patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To analyse the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) distraction intervention for the management of dental anxiety in paediatric patients.

Data: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of VR distraction interventions for reducing anxiety in paediatric patients, published in English were included.

Sources: Seven databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE via ProQuest, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, covering the period between January 2000 and September 2022 were searched.

The role of stress in the association among food insecurity, eating disorder pathology, and binge eating-related appetitive traits.

Purpose: Growing literature demonstrates a positive association between food insecurity (FI) and eating disorder pathology. Additionally, FI has been associated with two appetitive traits strongly linked to binge eating, food responsiveness and emotional overeating. However, little research has investigated factors that might help to explain these associations.

The use of deformation imaging in the assessment of patients pre and post transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Background: Deformation imaging represents a method of measuring myocardial function, including global longitudinal strain (GLS), peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS) and radial strain. This study aimed to assess subclinical improvements in left ventricular function in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) by comparing GLS, PALS and radial strain pre and post procedure.

Methods: We conducted a single site prospective observational study of 25 patients undergoing TAVI, comparing baseline and post-TAVI echocardiograms.

A qualitative examination of injury prevention strategy and education in Ladies Gaelic football: Understanding the preferences of players and coaches.

The high rates of injury in Ladies Gaelic football impact the wellbeing of players and are a major financial burden for the Ladies Gaelic Football Association. Effective injury prevention programmes have been developed for Gaelic games, but these are not currently widely adopted. The aim of this study was to qualitatively investigate adult Ladies Gaelic football players and coaches' preferences for injury prevention strategies and injury prevention education using a constructivist grounded-theory approach.

An updated version of the Madagascar periwinkle genome.

The Madagascar periwinkle, , belongs to the family. This medicinal plant, endemic to Madagascar, produces many important drugs including the monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIA) vincristine and vinblastine used to treat cancer worldwide. Here, we provide a new version of the genome sequence obtained through the combination of Oxford Nanopore Technologies long-reads and Illumina short-reads.

Physical Demands of Tennis Across the Different Court Surfaces, Performance Levels and Sexes: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.

Background: Tennis is a multidirectional high-intensity intermittent sport for male and female individuals played across multiple surfaces. Although several studies have attempted to characterise the physical demands of tennis, a meta-analysis is still lacking.

Objective: We aimed to describe and synthesise the physical demands of tennis across the different court surfaces, performance levels and sexes.

Current Concussion Knowledge, Beliefs, Education, and Management Practices Among Irish Post-Primary PE Teachers.

: Physical education (PE) teachers play an important role in concussion recognition and management in schools both in an academic and activity based setting. This study aimed to identify Irish post-primary PE teachers' concussion knowledge, beliefs, education and management practices.  An anonymous online survey, adapted to the Irish context from the validated BAKPAC-TEACH, was completed by 128 PE teachers (female = 74/123; 60.

Elevated oxysterol and N-palmitoyl-O-phosphocholineserine levels in congenital disorders of glycosylation.

Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) and Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease are inborn errors of metabolism that can both present with infantile-onset severe liver disease and other multisystemic manifestations. Plasma bile acid and N-palmitoyl-O-phosphocholineserine (PPCS) are screening biomarkers with proposed improved sensitivity and specificity for NPC. We report an infant with ATP6AP1-CDG who presented with cholestatic liver failure and elevated plasma oxysterols and bile acid, mimicking NPC clinically and biochemically.

Question Format Matters: Do Athletes Really Know the Signs and Symptoms of a Sport-Related Concussion?

Authors of previous studies commonly used a multiselect checklist method to assess an athlete's ability to recognize true sport-related concussion (SRC) signs and symptoms (S&S) among incorrect distractor options. However, this may overinflate the evaluation of participants' knowledge because the multiselect method does not test athletes' ability to retrieve knowledge from their long-term memory. To examine this hypothesis, we sent an online survey to registered members of the Japan Lacrosse Association (n = 8530) to assess differences in reported SRC S&S by open-ended-question and multiselect formats.

A Systematic Review of Cognition in Cervical Dystonia.

Growing evidence points to a spectrum of non-motor symptoms, including cognitive difficulties that have a greater impact on functional outcomes and quality of life than motor symptoms in cervical dystonia (CD). Some cognitive impairments have been reported; however, findings are inconsistent, and described across mixed groups of dystonia. The current review aimed to examine the evidence for cognitive impairments in CD.

Disadvantage and disordered eating in boys: Examining phenotypic and genotype × environment associations across development.

Socioeconomic disadvantage may be a significant risk factor for disordered eating, particularly for individuals with underlying genetic risk. However, little to nothing is known about the impact of disadvantage on disordered eating in boys during the critical developmental risk period. Crucially, risk models developed for girls may not necessarily apply to boys, as boys show different developmental patterns of disordered eating risk (i.

Assessment of muscle strength in para-athletes: A systematic review of observational studies.

Accurate and reliable evaluation of muscle strength in para-athletes is essential for monitoring the effectiveness of strength training and/or rehabilitation programmes, and sport classification. Our aim is to synthesise evidence related to assessing muscle strength in para-athletes. Four databases were searched from January 1990 to July 2021 for observational studies focusing on strength assessment.

Association between the level of partial foot amputation and gait: a scoping review with implications for the minimum impairment criteria for wheelchair tennis.

Objective: This scoping review examines how different levels and types of partial foot amputation affect gait and explores how these findings may affect the minimal impairment criteria for wheelchair tennis.

Methods: Four databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus) were systematically searched in February 2021 for terms related to partial foot amputation and ambulation. The search was updated in February 2022.

Making Choices-Newborn Male Circumcision.

Newborn male circumcision has potential benefits and advantages as well as disadvantages and risks. Families will at times have medical questions regarding newborn male circumcision that clinicians must be prepared to answer.

High incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in Northern Australia: a prospective community population-based Australian incidence study in the Mackay-Isaac-Whitsunday region.

Background And Aims: To determine the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the Mackay-Isaac-Whitsunday region in Northern Queensland (-21.14° S) and to allow a comparison with Southern Australian and New Zealand data (Geelong, Australia -38.14° S; Tasmania -41.

Evolution in Trends of Primary Lower-Extremity Amputations Associated With Diabetes or Peripheral Artery Disease From 2006 to 2019.

Background: Given the importance in prevention of lower extremity amputations (LEAs) associated with diabetes or peripheral artery disease (PAD), we sought to document the trends of primary LEA in Québec, Canada, from years 2006 to 2019.

Methods: Using the Québec Integrated Chronic Disease Surveillance System, we calculated crude and age-standardized annual incidence rates of primary LEA associated with diabetes and PAD among adults ≥ 40 years (99% confidence intervals [CI]), and all-cause 1-year mortality proportion trends following a primary LEA (95% CI), stratified by minor or major as the highest level of LEA during the same hospital stay and age groups. Trends were assessed using multivariate regression models.

VicTAG chemotherapy audit toolkit: Improving chemotherapy quality and safety.

Objective: Off-protocol prescribing of systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT) can lead to concerns about effectiveness of patient care. To identify variations in practice, a toolkit was developed for health services to address patient safety and the risk of sub-optimal outcomes for patients.

Data Sources: Following significant incidents with SACT in South Australia and New South Wales, the Department of Health and Human Services, Victoria (the department) conducted an assessment of Victorian public health services to understand current practice regarding SACT protocol governance.