Maternity care pathway and involvement in decision making: A mixed-methods study of women's experiences in Ireland.

Background: In Ireland, maternity care is provided through a mixture of public and private services, with type of maternity care offered varying according to availability, clinical need and geographic location.

Aim: To explore women's perceived involvement in decisions about care depending on the maternity care pathway received.

Methods: Mixed-methods secondary analysis of data from the Irish National Maternity Experience Survey 2020.

Designing and Engineering Atomically Dispersed Metal Catalysts for CO to CO Conversion: From Single to Dual Metal Sites.

The electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CO RR) is a promising approach to achieving sustainable electrical-to-chemical energy conversion and storage while decarbonizing the emission-heavy industry. The carbon-supported, nitrogen-coordinated, and atomically dispersed metal sites are effective catalysts for CO generation due to their high activity, selectivity, and earth abundance. Here, we discuss progress, challenges, and opportunities for designing and engineering atomic metal catalysts from single to dual metal sites.

The Muscle-Gut-Brain Axis and Psychiatric Illness.

The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) has been the subject of much research over the past decade, offering an exciting new paradigm for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. In this review, the MGBA is extended to include skeletal muscle and the potential role of an expanded "muscle-gut-brain axis" (MuGBA) in conditions such as anxiety and depression is discussed. There is evidence, from both preclinical and human studies, of bidirectional links between the gut microbiome and skeletal muscle function and structure.

Dying, death and bereavement: developing a national survey of bereaved relatives.

Background: Assessing and measuring the experience and quality of care provided is central to the improvement of care delivery of all healthcare systems. This paper reports on the development of a survey instrument to capture the experiences of care at end of life from the perspective of bereaved relatives in the Republic of Ireland.

Methods: A multi-method, multi-stakeholder, sequential approach was adopted for this study.

Achievements, Challenges, and Perspectives on Nitrogen Electrochemistry for Carbon-Neutral Energy Technologies.

Unrestrained anthropogenic activities have severely disrupted the global natural nitrogen cycle, causing numerous energy and environmental issues. Electrocatalytic nitrogen transformation is a feasible and promising strategy for achieving a sustainable nitrogen economy. Synergistically combining multiple nitrogen reactions can realize efficient renewable energy storage and conversion, restore the global nitrogen balance, and remediate environmental crises.

Porous Covalent Organic Polymer Coordinated Single Co Site Nanofibers for Efficient Oxygen-Reduction Cathodes in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells.

Nitrogen-coordinated single-cobalt-atom electrocatalysts, particularly ones derived from high-temperature pyrolysis of cobalt-based zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), have emerged as a new frontier in the design of oxygen reduction cathodes in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) due to their enhanced durability and smaller Fenton effects related to the degradation of membranes and ionomers compared with emphasized iron-based electrocatalysts. However, pyrolysis techniques lead to obscure active-site configurations, undesirably defined porosity and morphology, and fewer exposed active sites. Herein, a highly stable cross-linked nanofiber electrode is directly prepared by electrospinning using a liquid processability cobalt-based covalent organic polymer (Co-COP) obtained via pyrolysis-free strategy.

Women's experiences of initiating feeding shortly after birth in Ireland: A secondary analysis of quantitative and qualitative data from the National Maternity Experience Survey.

Objective: To explore women's experiences of initiating and continuing breast or formula feeding shortly after birth in Ireland's maternity hospitals and units, as well as at home after birth.

Design: Mixed methods secondary analysis of qualitative and quantitative data from the Irish National Maternity Experience Survey 2020.

Setting: All 19 maternity hospitals and units in the Republic of Ireland and the national home births service.

Care Experiences of Older People in the Emergency Department: A Concurrent Mixed-Methods Study.

The growing population of older people has increased demand to meet their complex healthcare needs, including in emergency departments (EDs). This study explored the experiences of people aged 65+ in Irish EDs, involving secondary analysis of quantitative and qualitative data from the 2019 National Inpatient Experience Survey (NIES). Experiences in the ED and overall hospital experiences were dichotomized as poor to fair or good to very good.

Minding metabolism: targeted interventions to improve cardio-metabolic monitoring across early and chronic psychosis.

Background: Antipsychotics (APs) increase weight, metabolic syndrome, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Guidelines recommend cardio-metabolic monitoring at initial assessment, at 3 months and then annually in people prescribed APs.

Aim: To determine the rates of cardio-metabolic monitoring in AP treated early and chronic psychosis and to assess the impact of targeted improvement strategies.

Survey of alarms in an intensive therapy unit.

The origin and frequency of alarm soundings in a general purpose intensive therapy unit were recorded by the nursing staff for 3 weeks. Only eight out of a total of 1455 soundings indicated potentially life threatening problems. There were many false alarms from the monitoring system and the infusion rate pump.

Lumbar herniation and tibial absence in infants of diabetic mothers.

We report the cases of two infants of insulin-dependent diabetic mothers who had in common the rare malformations of absent tibia and lumbar hernia.

Agent-specific filling devices. An evaluation of two prototypes.

Two prototype agent-specific devices have been tested and neither in its present form is ideal. Filling of vaporisers may be delegated to inexperienced persons but the devices tested do not ensure that vaporisers can only be filled with the correct agent. Significant atmospheric pollution with the volatile anaesthetic agent may occur at the time of filling.

Etomidate in electroconvulsive therapy. A within-patient comparison with alphaxalone/alphadalone.

In a group of 31 patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy, there was no significant difference between the times of return of eyelash reflex, swallowing and respiration following a single induction dose of 0.2 mg/kg of etomidate as compared with an induction dose of 0.036 ml/kg of alphaxalone/alphadalone.