Plastic induced urinary tract disease and dysfunction: a scoping review.

Introduction: In 2019 the World Health Organisation published a report which concluded microplastics in drinking water did not present a threat to human health. Since this time a plethora of research has emerged demonstrating the presence of plastic in various organ systems and their deleterious pathophysiological effects.

Methods: A scoping review was undertaken in line with recommendations from the Johanna Briggs Institute.

Health-related quality of life across disease stages in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: results from a real-world survey.

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by a rapid disease course, with disease severity being associated with declining health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in persons living with ALS (pALS). The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of disease progression on HRQoL across King's, Milano-Torino Staging (MiToS), and physician-judgement clinical staging. Additionally, we evaluated the impact of the disease on the HRQoL of care partners (cALS).

Impact of living with an adult with depressive symptoms among households in the United States.

Background: The effect of depressive symptoms on individuals has been widely studied but their impact on households remains less explored. This study assessed the humanistic and economic impact of living with an adult with depressive symptoms on adults without depressive symptoms among households in the United States (US).

Methods: The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) Household Component database was used to identify adults without depressive symptoms living in households with ≥1 adult with depressive symptoms (depression household) and adults without depressive symptoms living in households without an adult with depressive symptoms (no-depression household).

Associations of physical activity dose and movement quality with executive functions in socioeconomically disadvantaged children aged 5-6 years.

Background: Growing up in areas of high deprivation can negatively impact children's movement behaviours and cognitive development. Enhancing the quantity and quality of children's movement experiences is believed to enhance cognitive development. This study investigated the association of three different modes of movement assessment, movement proficiency and divergent movement ability (collectively understood as motor competence) and PA dose with executive function in a low socio-economic demographic.

Healthcare resource utilization at different stages of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Results from a real-world survey.

People with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (pALS) require complex, multi-disciplinary care, resulting in extensive healthcare resource utilization (HCRU). To investigate the relationship between HCRU and ALS progression, the study objectives were (i) to characterize HCRU in pALS and (ii) to establish whether this varied according to disease stage, as defined using three different methodologies: neurologist-defined early/mid/late stage, the King's clinical staging system for ALS, and the Milan Torino Staging system for ALS (MiToS). Real-world data were drawn from the Adelphi ALS Disease-Specific Programme™, a point-in-time survey of neurologists in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the UK, and the USA conducted July 2020-March 2021.

Using valve gape analysis to compare sensitivity of native Mytilus edulis to invasive Magallana gigas when exposed to heavy metal contamination.

Coastal ecosystems are ecologically and economically important but are under increasing pressure from numerous anthropogenic sources of stress. Both heavy metal pollution and invasive species pose major environmental concerns that can have significant impacts on marine organisms. It is likely that many stresses will occur simultaneously, resulting in potential cumulative ecological effects.

Data and Tools Integration in the Canadian Open Neuroscience Platform.

We present the Canadian Open Neuroscience Platform (CONP) portal to answer the research community's need for flexible data sharing resources and provide advanced tools for search and processing infrastructure capacity. This portal differs from previous data sharing projects as it integrates datasets originating from a number of already existing platforms or databases through DataLad, a file level data integrity and access layer. The portal is also an entry point for searching and accessing a large number of standardized and containerized software and links to a computing infrastructure.

Physical activity promoting teaching practices and children's physical activity within physical education lessons underpinned by motor learning theory (SAMPLE-PE).

Purpose: Movement competence is a key outcome for primary physical education (PE) curricula. As movement development in children emerges through physical activity (PA), it is important to determine the extent of PA promotion within movement competence focused teaching pedagogies. Therefore, this study aimed to assess children's moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and related teaching practices in primary PE within Linear pedagogy and Nonlinear pedagogy and to compare this to current practice within PE delivery in primary schools.

Effect of Linear and Nonlinear Pedagogy Physical Education Interventions on Children's Physical Activity: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (SAMPLE-PE).

Background: School-based interventions are a key opportunity to improve children's physical activity (PA); however, there is lack of evidence about how pedagogical approaches to motor learning in physical education (PE) might affect PA in children. Therefore, this study aimed to assess how different pedagogical approaches in PE might affect children's PA.

Methods: Participants ( = 360, 5-6 years) from 12 primary schools within the SAMPLE-PE randomized controlled trial were randomly allocated to either Linear Pedagogy (LP: = 3) or Nonlinear Pedagogy (NP: = 3) interventions, where schools received a 15-week PE intervention delivered by trained coaches, or to a control group ( = 6), where schools followed usual practice.

Burden of illness of trigeminal neuralgia among patients managed in a specialist center in England.

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) causes severe episodic, unilateral facial pain and is initially treated with antiepileptic medications. For patients not responding or intolerant to medications, surgery is an option.

Methods: In order to expand understanding of the pain-related burden of illness associated with TN, a cross-sectional survey was conducted of patients at a specialist center that utilizes a multidisciplinary care pathway.

Skill Acquisition Methods Fostering Physical Literacy in Early-Physical Education (SAMPLE-PE): Rationale and Study Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial in 5-6-Year-Old Children From Deprived Areas of North West England.

Background: There is a need for interdisciplinary research to better understand how pedagogical approaches in primary physical education (PE) can support the linked development of physical, cognitive and affective aspects of physical literacy and physical activity behaviors in young children living in deprived areas. The study aims to examine the efficacy of two different pedagogies for PE, underpinned by theories of motor learning, to foster physical literacy.

Methods: SAMPLE-PE will be evaluated through a cluster-randomized controlled trial targeting 5-6 year old children from schools located in areas of high deprivation in Merseyside, North-West England.

Physical Education Pedagogies Built upon Theories of Movement Learning: How Can Environmental Constraints Be Manipulated to Improve Children's Executive Function and Self-Regulation Skills?

Physical education in schools has been marginalised across the globe, and as a result, children are missing out on opportunities to develop and acquire the foundation skills needed to lead a physically active life. The squeeze on physical education in schools, particularly in some western countries (United Kingdom, Australia and America), has been justified on the grounds that core subjects such as English and mathematics need more curriculum time, as this will lead to higher cognitive and academic performance. The aim of this paper is to highlight how physical education lessons in early childhood, underpinned by either of two major theories of motor learning, can support teachers in the creation of learning environments, as well as guide their pedagogical practice to facilitate children's development of key cognitive skills, in particular executive function and self-regulation skills.

Modeling long-term health outcomes of patients with cystic fibrosis homozygous for F508del-CFTR treated with lumacaftor/ivacaftor.

Background: Lumacaftor/ivacaftor combination therapy is efficacious and generally safe for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) homozygous for the F508del-CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutation. However, long-term survival benefits of lumacaftor/ivacaftor (LUM/IVA) cannot yet be quantified. Simulation models can provide predictions about long-term health outcomes.

Family Meetings in Inpatient Specialist Palliative Care: A Mechanism to Convey Empathy.

Context: Family meetings are increasingly used in palliative care, yet have little empirical evidence of their impact in inpatient settings.

Objectives: To examine whether relatives report more empathy after a family meeting in a specialist palliative care inpatient ward.

Methods: Pre/post self-complete questionnaires measuring relational empathy and information needs were administered.

Healthcare resource utilization associated with ivacaftor use in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Objective: Ivacaftor was approved in 2012 to treat patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) with specific CFTR gene mutations. The objective of this analysis was to analyze the impact of ivacaftor on health resource utilization through analysis of claims data.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with CF aged ≥6 years prescribed ivacaftor between January 1, 2012 and July 31, 2014 with ≥12 months of continuous insurance coverage prior to and following the prescription were identified.

Physiotherapy extended-role practitioner for individuals with hip and knee arthritis: patient perspectives of a rural/urban partnership.

Purpose: To explore the perspectives of people with hip and knee arthritis regarding a physiotherapy extended-role practitioner (ERP) model of care in a rural setting.

Method: Using semi-structured interviews, a qualitative descriptive case study was undertaken with 13 participants from a rural family practice located in the province of Ontario, Canada, who had all been assessed by an ERP. Transcribed interviews were analyzed for emergent themes.

Role of interleukin (IL-10) in probiotic-mediated immune modulation: an assessment in wild-type and IL-10 knock-out mice.

While the impact of Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 and other probiotics on cytokines has been shown in established colitis, the effects of B. infantis consumption in pre-inflammation of interleukin (IL)-10 knock-out (KO) mice and on the wild-type (WT) C57Bl/6 mice have not been well demonstrated. The objective of this study was to examine cytokine responses in mucosal and systemic lymphoid compartments of IL-10 KO mice early in disease and to compare with control WT mice.

Differential cytokine response from dendritic cells to commensal and pathogenic bacteria in different lymphoid compartments in humans.

Resident host microflora condition and prime the immune system. However, systemic and mucosal immune responses to bacteria may be divergent. Our aim was to compare, in vitro, cytokine production by human mononuclear and dendritic cells (DCs) from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to defined microbial stimuli.

Double blind, placebo controlled trial of two probiotic strains in interleukin 10 knockout mice and mechanistic link with cytokine balance.

Background: Prophylactic efficacy against colitis following lactobacillus consumption in interleukin 10 (IL-10) knockout (KO) mice has been reported. Whether this applies equally to other probiotic strains is unknown, and the mechanism is unclear.

Aims: (1) To compare the effect of feeding Lactobacillus salivarius subspecies salivarius 433118 and Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 against placebo on enterocolitis, the intestinal microflora, and (2) to compare the systemic immunological response to in vitro microbial challenge in probiotic fed and control IL-10 KO mice.