Antibiotics prior to age 2 years have limited association with preschool growth trajectory.

Background: Prior studies of early antibiotic use and growth have shown mixed results, primarily on cross-sectional outcomes. This study examined the effect of oral antibiotics before age 24 months on growth trajectory at age 2-5 years.

Methods: We captured oral antibiotic prescriptions and anthropometrics from electronic health records through PCORnet, for children with ≥1 height and weight at 0-12 months of age, ≥1 at 12-30 months, and ≥2 between 25 and 72 months.

Evaluation of Oxathiapiprolin for the Management of Sunflower Downy Mildew.

Downy mildew is a yield-limiting disease of sunflower, caused by the pathogen . Zoospore infection of root tissue shortly after planting results in systemic infection, causing postemergence damping off or severe stunting and head sterility. Although fungicide-applied seed treatments can be an effective management tool, the pathogen is resistant to phenylamide fungicides in many growing regions, and other available fungicides have limited efficacy.

Do multi-ingredient protein supplements augment resistance training-induced gains in skeletal muscle mass and strength? A systematic review and meta-analysis of 35 trials.

Objective: To determine the effects of multi-ingredient protein (MIP) supplements on resistance exercise training (RT)-induced gains in muscle mass and strength compared with protein-only (PRO) or placebo supplementation.

Data Sources: Systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus.

Eligibility Criteria: Randomised controlled trials with interventions including RT ≥6 weeks in duration and a MIP supplement.

Clinical Characterization of Children Presenting to the Hospital with Enterovirus D68 Infection During the 2014 Outbreak in St. Louis.

Background: The largest known outbreak of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infections occurred during 2014. The goal of our study is to characterize the illness severity and clinical presentation of children infected with EV-D68 in comparison to non-EV-D68-human rhinoviruses/enteroviruses (HRV/EV).

Method: Our study is a retrospective analysis of severity level, charges and length of stay of children who presented to St.

An evolving paradigm for the workup and management of high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: No established standard of care exists for aggressive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC).

Objective: We sought to establish an aggressive CSCC management protocol by reviewing high-risk CSCC (HCSCC) and very high-risk CSCC (VCSCC) cases at our institution.

Methods: This was a retrospective review of all CSCC cases treated at our institution.

The role of targeted molecular inhibitors in the management of advanced nonmelanoma skin cancer.

Surgical treatment remains the standard of care for nonmelanoma skin cancer and is successful for the vast majority of patients with these tumors. The treatment of patients with metastatic or unresectable nonmelanoma skin cancer, however, has until recently been based solely on traditional methods of chemotherapy and radiation. However, these methods have high rates of treatment failure, morbidity, and mortality, and alternative treatment modalities for patients with aggressive or advanced disease are needed.

Product mass transfer resistance directly determined during freeze-drying cycle runs using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) and pore diffusion model.

The pore diffusion model is used to express the dry layer mass transfer resistance, [Formula: see text], as a function of the ratio r(e)/?, where r(e) is the effective pore radius and ? is the tortuosity factor of the dry layer. Using this model, the effective pore radius of the dry layer can be estimated from the sublimation rate and product temperature profiles measured during primary drying. Freeze-drying cycle runs were performed using the LyoStar II dryer (FTS Systems), with real-time sublimation rate profiles during freeze drying continuously measured by tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS).

Frequent fire promotes diversity and cover of biological soil crusts in a derived temperate grassland.

The intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH) predicts that species diversity is maximized at moderate disturbance levels. This model is often applied to grassy ecosystems, where disturbance can be important for maintaining vascular plant composition and diversity. However, effects of disturbance type and frequency on cover and diversity of non-vascular plants comprising biological soil crusts are poorly known, despite their potentially important role in ecosystem function.

Choline supplementation following third-trimester-equivalent alcohol exposure attenuates behavioral alterations in rats.

Despite the known adverse consequences of prenatal alcohol exposure, some pregnant women continue to drink alcohol, making it imperative to identify treatments for children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. The authors recently reported that perinatal choline supplementation can reduce some fetal alcohol effects (J. D.