Augmentation of peripheral venous diameter for ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous line insertion.

Objectives: Ultrasound-guided intravenous line placement is utilized often in the emergency department for venous access in patients whose veins are difficult to cannulate by traditional methods. This study aims to identify specific interventions that will augment venous cross-sectional area.

Methods: Residents and medical students volunteers each had their basilic vein identified using the linear array probe on an ultrasound.

Anterior Segment OCT for Detection of Narrow Angles: A Community-Based Diagnostic Accuracy Study.

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT) screening for detecting gonioscopically narrow angles.

Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.

Participants: A stratified random sample of individuals aged ≥ 60 years, selected from a door-to-door census performed in low-lying Nepal.

The Placenta: A Maternofetal Interface.

The placenta is the gatekeeper between the mother and the fetus. Over the first trimester of pregnancy, the fetus is nourished by uterine gland secretions in a process known as histiotrophic nutrition. During the second trimester of pregnancy, placentation has evolved to the point at which nutrients are delivered to the placenta via maternal blood (hemotrophic nutrition).

Association of genital talc and douche use in early adolescence or adulthood with uterine fibroids diagnoses.

Background: Genital talc and douching are practices that can involve exposure to chemical compounds linked to certain gynecologic cancers. However, it is unclear if they are associated with fibroid risk or age at fibroid diagnosis among women.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of early-adolescence genital talc use and douching on prevalence of fibroids diagnosed before the age of 35 and 50 years among Black/African American and non-Hispanic White women.

A diffuse, pustular eruption in a neonate: Recognizing SAMD9L-associated autoinflammatory disease (SAAD).

A 3-week-old baby with hydrops fetalis, acute respiratory failure, and shock of unknown etiology developed a diffuse, pustular rash with worsening inflammatory markers and respiratory status despite antimicrobials. Whole exome sequencing revealed a de novo, frameshift mutation in the SAM9DL gene, leading to the diagnosis of SAMD9L-associated autoinflammatory disease.

Can counter-advertising dilute marketing effects of alcohol sponsorship of elite sport: A field experiment.

Aims: To test whether showing spectators counter-advertisements exposing alcohol harms alone, or exposing alcohol harms and alcohol sponsorship, before watching an alcohol-sponsored sporting event promotes less favourable post-event attitudes and intentions towards alcohol sponsor brands and alcohol in general.

Design: On-line between-subjects experiment.

Setting: Australia.

Working memory performance is related to childhood trauma but not psychotic-like experiences in a nonpsychiatric sample.

Objective: This project seeks to clarify the impact of childhood trauma and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) on working memory (WM) and explore gender differences in these relationships. The effect of childhood trauma on WM performance has yet to be explored in individuals with PLEs, despite consistent associations between trauma, psychosis spectrum symptoms, and WM performance.

Method: In 466 undergraduates, positive PLEs (Prodromal Questionnaire) and trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) were examined to determine contributions to WM performance on a spatial n-back task.

Medical students' perceived comfort and competence performing physical examinations on patients with obesity: A mixed-methods needs assessment.

Physicians are unsatisfied with their training in the care of patients with obesity. Physical examination is a key component of care, and modifications to techniques are often necessary for patients with obesity. To determine learning needs, we examined medical students' perceived comfort and competency in conducting physical examinations on patients with obesity.

Improved dynamic distortion correction for fMRI using single-echo EPI and a readout-reversed first image (REFILL).

The boundaries between tissues with different magnetic susceptibilities generate inhomogeneities in the main magnetic field which change over time due to motion, respiration and system instabilities. The dynamically changing field can be measured from the phase of the fMRI data and corrected. However, methods for doing so need multi-echo data, time-consuming reference scans and/or involve error-prone processing steps, such as phase unwrapping, which are difficult to implement robustly on the MRI host.

Factors influencing initial implementation of an online community-based exercise intervention with adults living with HIV: a systems approach.

Introduction: Online community-based exercise (CBE) is a digital health intervention and rehabilitation strategy that promotes health among people living with HIV. Our aim was to describe the factors influencing initial implementation of a pilot online CBE intervention with adults living with HIV using a systems approach, as recommended by implementation science specialists.

Methods: We piloted the implementation of a 6-month online CBE intervention and 6-month independent exercise follow up, in partnership with the YMCA in Toronto, Canada.

Predictors of ECG Interpretation Proficiency in Healthcare Professionals.

Accurate ECG interpretation is vital, but variations in skills exist among healthcare professionals. This study aims to identify factors contributing to ECG interpretation proficiency. Survey data and ECG interpretation test scores from participants in the EDUCATE Trial were analyzed to identify predictors of performance for 30 sequential 12-lead ECGs.

Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients with Obstructed Hemivagina Ipsilateral Renal Agenesis.

Study Objective: Obstructed hemivagina with ipsilateral renal agenesis (OHVIRA) is a rare congenital Müllerian anomaly. We sought to explore the impact of OHVIRA on pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective chart review identified 8 patients with an OHVIRA diagnosis and at least 1 documented pregnancy.

A theory-based exploration of psychosocial factors influencing concussion health seeking intentions in college students.

This mixed method study examined how psychosocial factors from the Theory of Planned Behavior and Reasoned Action (TPB/RA) influence health-seeking behaviors after concussion, expanding from student-athlete TPB/RA research to assess the influence of psychosocial factors within a general college population. Two hundred and forty-four students participated from a large Southeastern public university. A concurrent nested mixed-methods approach involving closed- and constructed- response survey questions.

Pilot testing the SUCCESS peer mentoring program for students with concussion: the role of personas in mobile technology development.

Purpose: College students with concussion experience academic, cognitive and psychosocial challenges, yet frequently lack supports necessary for successful reintegration into school. Success in College after Concussion with Effective Student Supports (SUCCESS) is a virtual peer mentoring program designed to provide education, support and connection through a mobile application. The purpose of this study was to describe use of personas as components of mobile app development and conduct preliminary testing of SUCCESS using personas.

Establishing national diagnostic reference levels in radiography, mammography, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry services in Ireland and comparing these with European diagnostic reference levels.

Objectives: The aim of this work was to establish national diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in Ireland and compare these to existing European DRLs where available. This work surveyed all radiological facilities providing radiography, mammography, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) services in Ireland.

Methods: A list of common procedures and clinical tasks was established.

Understanding the genetic complexity of puberty timing across the allele frequency spectrum.

Pubertal timing varies considerably and has been associated with a range of health outcomes in later life. To elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms, we performed multi-ancestry genetic analyses in ~800,000 women, identifying 1,080 independent signals associated with age at menarche. Collectively these loci explained 11% of the trait variance in an independent sample, with women at the top and bottom 1% of polygenic risk exhibiting a ~11 and ~14-fold higher risk of delayed and precocious pubertal development, respectively.

Impact of Computer-Interpreted ECGs on the Accuracy of Healthcare Professionals.

The interpretation of electrocardiograms (ECGs) involves a dynamic interplay between computerized ECG interpretation (CEI) software and human overread. However, the impact of computer ECG interpretation on the performance of healthcare professionals remains largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interpretation proficiency of various medical professional groups, with and without access to the CEI report.

Education curriculum assessment for teaching electrocardiography: Rationale and design for the prospective, international, randomized controlled EDUCATE trial.

Background: Electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation training is a fundamental component of medical education across disciplines. However, the skill of interpreting ECGs is not universal among medical graduates, and numerous barriers and challenges exist in medical training and clinical practice. An evidence-based and widely accessible learning solution is needed.

Changes in methylation-based aging in women who do and do not develop breast cancer.

Background: Breast cancer survivors have increased incidence of age-related diseases, suggesting that some survivors may experience faster biological aging.

Methods: Among 417 women enrolled in the prospective Sister Study cohort, DNA methylation data were generated on paired blood samples collected an average of 7.7 years apart and used to calculate 3 epigenetic metrics of biological aging (PhenoAgeAccel, GrimAgeAccel, and Dunedin Pace of Aging Calculated from the Epigenome [DunedinPACE]).

Seasonal patterns in trace elements assessed in toenails.

Seasonal patterns in measured exposure biomarkers can cause measurement error in epidemiological studies. There is little known about the seasonality of trace elements when measured in toenails. Adjusting for such patterns when estimating associations between long-term exposures and health outcomes could be needed to improve precision and reduce bias.