Detection of I491F and V170F rpoB Mutations Associated with Misdiagnosis of Rifampicin Resistance Among Patients with Drug-susceptible Tuberculosis Treatment Failure, Myanmar, 2022.

Detecting rifampicin resistance is crucial in selecting tuberculosis (TB) treatment. Recently, several studies reported that I491F and V170F rpoB mutations, previously designated as borderline rifampicin-resistance mutations, were found with a varying prevalence. Sputum specimens from first-line tuberculosis treatment failed patients attending Tuberculosis Centers in Yangon Region during 2022 were cultured in solid media.

The fourth national tuberculosis prevalence survey in Myanmar.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Myanmar. The fourth National TB Prevalence Survey was conducted in 2017-2018 to determine the actual burden of TB not only at the national level but also for three subnational strata (the states, regions other than Yangon, and the Yangon region) and develop a more efficacious country strategy on TB care and control. One hundred and thirty eight clusters were selected by population proportionate sampling.

Genomic Profiling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains, Myanmar.

Multidrug resistance is a major threat to global elimination of tuberculosis (TB). We performed phenotypic drug-susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing for 309 isolates from 342 consecutive patients who were given a diagnosis of TB in Yangon, Myanmar, during July 2016‒June 2018. We identified isolates by using the GeneXpert platform to evaluate drug-resistance profiles.

Pyrazinamide resistance and pncA mutations in drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from Myanmar.

Pyrazinamide (PZA) is an important anti-tuberculosis drug, which is active against semi-dormant bacilli and used as a component of first-line drugs and drug-resistant tuberculosis regimens. Mutations in pncA and its promoter region are main cause of PZA resistance. There are limited PZA susceptibility data as there is no routine drug susceptibility testing (DST) for PZA.

Geno-Spatial Distribution of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Drug Resistance Profiles in Myanmar-Thai Border Area.

Worldwide, studies investigating the relationship between the lineage of (MTB) across geographic areas has empowered the "End TB" program and understand transmission across national boundaries. Genomic diversity of MTB varies with geographical locations and ethnicity. Genomic diversity can also affect the emergence of drug resistance.

Early relapse after complete remission of primary plasma cell leukaemia manifesting clonal evolution: A case report.

Introduction: Plasma cell leukaemia (PCL) is a rare variant of multiple myeloma. We report a case of PCL to demonstrate the clonal evolution, resulting in disease relapse after achieving complete remission, and its aggressive nature of the disease, leading to poor clinical outcome.

Case Report: A 69-year-old man presented with a three-day-history of worsening generalized body weakness, poor oral intake, nausea, significant loss of weight and lower back pain.

Genotypes and genetic characters of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Myanmar using three typing methods.

Knowledge on basic characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is helpful to understand the disease epidemiology and support the prediction of clinical outcome of the disease. The aim of this study was to detect the genotypes and genotypic characters of clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates from new and retreatment rifampicin-resistant patients using three different genotyping methods. Mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing was used to determine the diversity of 222 clinical isolates.

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Myanmar: burden and mutations causing second-line drug resistance.

Setting: Two tuberculosis (TB) reference laboratories in Myanmar.

Objectives: To determine the proportion of extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) cases among multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) cases and the mutations that cause resistance to second-line drugs in Myanmar.

Design: This was a cross-sectional, retrospective study.

POEMS syndrome.

POEMS syndrome is the syndrome of Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal protein and typical Skin changes. A 65-year-old lady presented with the 2-day-history of inability to walk, 4-month-history of progressive worsening of muscle weakness of both lower limbs and 1-year-history of progressive worsening of bilateral numbness of lower limbs. Nerve conduction study revealed generalized sensorimotor demyelinating polyneuropathy.

Draft Genome Sequences of Two Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Myanmar.

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and lately, extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) are increasing global health concerns. Here, we present the genome sequences of two MDR-TB isolates from Myanmar, one of 27 countries with a high MDR-TB burden, and describe a number of mutations consistent with these being XDR-TB isolates.

Whole-genome sequencing of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Myanmar.

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a major health threat in Myanmar. An initial study was conducted to explore the potential utility of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for the diagnosis and management of drug-resistant TB in Myanmar. Fourteen multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were sequenced.

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma with chronic granulomatous inflammation.

Non-necrotic epithelioid granulomas have been reported in association with neoplasms including Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. We report a case of diffuse large B cell lymphoma with chronic granulomatous inflammation to highlight awareness of obscure tumour cells within the granuloma, to avoid delay in diagnosis and management of lymphoma. A 39-year-old Malay lady with no past medical history, presented with a 2-month history of progressive worsening of difficulty in breathing, cough, low-grade fever, loss of weight and loss of appetite.

Genotypic characterization of multi-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Myanmar.

The number of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) cases is rising worldwide. As a countermeasure against this situation, the implementation of rapid molecular tests to identify MDR-TB would be effective. To develop such tests, information on the frequency and distribution of mutations associating with phenotypic drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is required in each country.

Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Myanmar.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most serious health problems in Myanmar. Because TB drug resistance is associated with genetic mutation(s) relevant to responses to each drug, genotypic methods for detecting these mutations have been proposed to overcome the limitations of classic phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST). We explored the current estimates of drug-resistant TB and evaluated the usefulness of genotypic DST in Myanmar.

Determinants of health-related quality of life in psoriasis patients in Malaysia.

Psoriasis is a chronic dermatological disorder that has a negative impact on quality of life (QoL). This hospital-based cross-sectional study determined factors associated with health-related QoL (HRQoL) impairment in adult psoriasis patients. HRQoL was assessed using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI).