Prisoners' experiences of prison drug treatment - what matters?

Purpose: This study aims to analyze prisoners' experiences of prison drug-treatment programs in Sweden. How do they describe their personal relationships with the prison staff and with other prisoners in the wings? How do they describe the social climate and the control in drug-treatment wings? How could differences between these wings be understood?

Design/methodology/approach: The data consist of observations and face-to-face interviews with male and female prisoners in three Swedish prison drug-treatment wings. Analytical concepts used are roles, relationships and rituals.

Psychiatric symptoms among patients with acute abdominal pain.

Abdominal pain is a common cause of visits to emergency facilities. It is related to psychiatric disorders in primary care, but it is unclear if this also holds in emergency departments. Is to explore potential differences between diagnostic groups in patients with acute abdominal pain in an emergency ward regarding concurrent somatic-and psychiatric symptoms, 'Length of stay' (LOS) and perceived health.

Temperament and character in patients with acute abdominal pain.

Background: Several conditions presenting with abdominal pain are associated with specific personality factors although it is unclear if this is true also in emergency clinic settings.

Objective: To study personality factors among patients with acute abdominal pain in an emergency ward.

Methods: Consecutive patients (N = 165) with abdominal symptoms at an emergency clinic were administrated the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI).

After a childhood with a parent in prison - relationships and well-being as a child and young adult.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore whether young adults who had a parent in prison while growing up in Sweden are disadvantaged in terms of parental support, school well-being and functioning, and socioemotional and/or behavioral problems, compared to young adults whose parents were not in prison when they were a child. Design/methodology/approach Retrospective self-report information about parental imprisonment and childhood and adulthood welfare was collected from 2,500 Swedish young adults as part of the RESUME project. Of these, 52 who had had a parent in prison during their childhood were compared to the young adults who had not had a parent in prison, by measuring differences concerning their family relations, school well-being, and well-being as adults, and the risk of some events occurring later in life.

Temperament and character in pathological gambling.

Objective: We have studied temperament and character in pathological gambling (PG).

Methods: Thirty-eight DSM-IV verified pathological gamblers (31 males and 7 females; mean age 35.4 +/- 10.

Temperament and character in women with postpartum depression.

Objective: To investigate whether women with postpartum depression differ in personality traits from healthy postpartum women, healthy controls from the normal Swedish population and non-postpartum women with major depression.

Methods: Forty-five women with postpartum depression were compared with 62 healthy postpartum women, 62 age-matched, healthy, non-postpartum women from a normal sample and 74 non-postpartum women with major depression from a clinical sample. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale was used in order to screen for postpartum depression.

Bipolar disorder: I. Temperament and character.

Background: The nature of the relationship between personality and bipolar affective disorders is an important but unanswered question.

Methods: We have studied personality in bipolar patients by using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). TCI were administered to 100 euthymic bipolar patients and 100 controls from the normal population.

Temperament and character: prognostic factors in whiplash patients?

We studied the relationship between whiplash injury and personality in 40 whiplash patients who admitted the hospital within 8 h from the car accident and 80 age- and gender-matched controls. For this purpose we used the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). We found that personality dimensions in whiplash patients both in the acute phase and at follow-up 2 years later showed the same results, i.

Further development of the Temperament and Character Inventory.

The Temperament and Character Inventory is an internationally used personality questionnaire based on Cloninger's psychobiological theory of personality. Given some limitations of Version 9 a revised version was developed. The structural equivalence of the two versions was demonstrated from a cross-cultural perspective with 309 and 173 healthy volunteers from Sweden and Germany, respectively, who completed both versions in one session.

Bipolar disorder. II: personality and age of onset.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine whether personality i.e. temperament and character interacts with age of onset in bipolar disorder.

Identification of a susceptibility locus for migraine with and without aura on 6p12.2-p21.1.

Migraine is the most common type of chronic episodic headache. To find novel susceptibility genes for familial migraine with and without aura, a genomewide screen was performed in a large family from northern Sweden. Evidence of linkage was obtained on chromosome 6p12.

Positive association of dopamine D2 receptor polymorphism with bipolar affective disorder in a European Multicenter Association Study of affective disorders.

Convincing evidence for a genetic component in the etiology of affective disorders (AD), including bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) and unipolar affective disorder (UPAD), is supported by traditional and molecular genetic studies. Most arguments lead to the complex inheritance hypothesis, suggesting that the mode of inheritance is probably not Mendelian but most likely oligogenic (or polygenic) and that the contribution of genes could be moderate or weak. The purpose of the present European multicenter study (13 centers) was to test the potential role in BPAD and UPAD of two candidate dopaminergic markers, DRD2 and DRD3, using a case-control association design.

Tyrosine hydroxylase polymorphism and phenotypic heterogeneity in bipolar affective disorder: a multicenter association study.

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in the metabolism of catecholamines, is considered a candidate gene in bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) and has been the subject of numerous linkage and association studies. Taken together, most results do not support a major gene effect for the TH gene in BPAD. Genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity may partially explain the difficulty of confirming the exact role of this gene using both association and linkage methods.

Linkage analysis of a large Swedish kindred provides further support for a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia on chromosome 6p23.

Several reports have indicated genetic linkage between markers on the short arm of chromosome 6 and schizophrenia. However, significant threshold levels were not always achieved, and the chromosomal regions identified are large and different in different families. One way to decrease the problem of heterogeneity is to study a single extended pedigree.

Two commonly expanded CAG/CTG repeat loci: involvement in affective disorders?

An association between bipolar affective disorder and CAG/CTG trinucleotide repeat expansions (TRE) has previously been detected using the repeat expansion detection (RED) method. Here we report that 89% of RED products (CAG/CTG repeats) > 120 nt (n = 202) detected in affective disorder patients as well as unaffected family members and controls correlate with expansions at two repeat loci, ERDA1 on chromosome 17q21.3 and CTG18.

Swedish normative data on personality using the Temperament and Character Inventory.

The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is a self-report personality questionnaire based on Cloninger's psychobiological model of personality, which accounts for both normal and abnormal variation in the two major components of personality, temperament and character. Normative data for the Swedish TCI based on a representative Swedish sample of 1,300 adults are presented, and the psychometric properties of the questionnaire are discussed. The structure of the Swedish version replicates the American version well for the means, distribution of scores, and relationships within the between scales and subscales.

Linkage analysis of candidate loci in families with recurrent major depression.

Recurrent major depression, RMD, is characterized by the occurrence of depressive episodes in the absence of mania and/or hypomania. In linkage studies, RMD (or, in general, unipolar depression) are frequently grouped together with bipolar illnesses into a broad definition of affective disorders. However, twin studies suggest that RMD and bipolar disorders might have different genetic determinants.

Assignment of the locus for PLO-SL, a frontal-lobe dementia with bone cysts, to 19q13.

PLO-SL (polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy) is a recessively inherited disorder characterized by systemic bone cysts and progressive presenile frontal-lobe dementia, resulting in death at <50 years of age. Since the 1960s, approximately 160 cases have been reported, mainly in Japan and Finland. The pathogenesis of the disease is unknown.

Expanded trinucleotide CAG repeats in families with bipolar affective disorder.

Clinical anticipation has been reported in bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). The hypothesis that expanded trinucleotide repeats are related to anticipation and transmission pattern in families with bipolar affective disorder is tested in this study. Eighty-seven two-generation pairs of patients recruited from 29 bipolar families were analyzed.

Relationship between prophylactic effect of lithium therapy and family history of affective disorders.

Lithium therapy response and age of onset (AOO) were studied in 98 patients with bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) who were divided into subgroups depending on type of family history of affective disorders. The highest (33.0 years) and lowest (25.

Polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy (PLO-SL): a genealogical study of Swedish families of probable Finnish background.

Four Swedish families in northern Sweden with polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia (PLO-SL) were studied genealogically. Historical and genealogical date provided evidence for a Finnish origin. Both parents of two of the families could be traced back to Finnish ancestors, and the other two families had a common origin in a region with a known Finnish influence, but without evidence for Finnish ancestry.

Genetic markers associated with high versus low performance on episodic memory tasks.

Associations were studied between six serum protein polymorphisms (C3, BF, HP, ORM, TF, and GC) and high versus low scoring on episodic memory tasks in an attempt to identify QTL (quantitative trait loci) contributing to the heritability of this quantitative trait. Since a highly significant sex difference (p = .00002) was found with respect to the distribution of high and low scoring, with men showing a poorer performance, associations were studied separately for males and females.

Migraine: temperament and character.

The personality profile of 26 adult migraine patients from a large Swedish family with migraine and 87 controls were studied by means of Cloninger's seven-factor model of Temperament and Character (TCI; Temperament and Character Inventory). For the diagnosis of migraine, a questionnaire, slightly modified to fit the criteria according to the AD HOC committee on the classification of headaches of the International Headache Society, was used. The TCI assesses four dimensions of temperament, including novelty-seeking (NS), harm avoidance (HA), reward dependence (RD) and persistence (P), and three dimensions of character, including self-directedness (SD), co-operativeness (C) and self-transcendence (ST).