Inability to start or complete upper secondary school strongly predicts unemployment and psychosocial and psychiatric adversities - A register-based follow-up study from southwestern Sweden.

Aim: To study academic, social and psychiatric outcomes among adults in the general population in southwestern Sweden. Groups of individuals born in 1998 and ineligible, eligible but not completed, and eligible and completed upper secondary school were followed in 2020.

Methods: Data were retrieved from Statistics Sweden, the Swedish National Agency for Education, the Longitudinal Integrated Database for Health Insurance and Labour Market Studies, the Swedish National Crime Register and the National Patient Register.

Dialectical behavior therapy-skills system for cognitively challenged individuals with self-harm: a Swedish pilot study.

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is an evidence-based treatment for self-harm and emotion regulation difficulties. A modified version, DBT-Skills System (DBT-SS), has been developed in the USA for individuals with cognitive difficulties. The present study is a pilot study, testing the DBT-SS in a Swedish context.

Passing laws is not enough to change staff practice: The case of legally mandated "incident" reporting in Sweden.

Background: It is mandatory for staff in Swedish community services for people with intellectual disabilities to report incidents of error or malpractice.

Aim: The aim is to study if incident reports contribute to developing quality in services for people with intellectual disabilities who present with challenging behaviours.

Method: 159 reports on incidents from group homes and daily activities services were accessed and analysed using narrative thematic analysis.

Well-Being and Self-Disorders in Schizotypal Disorder and Asperger Syndrome/Autism Spectrum Disorder.

We explored subjective well-being in two groups of young adult participants diagnosed with either schizotypal disorder (Sd) (n = 29) or Asperger syndrome/autism spectrum disorder (As/ASD) (n = 22). Well-being was impaired in both groups and was lower in the Sd group than in the As/ASD group. Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between well-being and the presence of self-disorders.

Arguments for a Phenomenologically Informed Clinical Approach to Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to provide arguments for a phenomenologically informed clinical approach to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including a plea for clinical attention to the self in ASD.

Methods: Central concepts of continental phenomenology, phenomenological psychopathology, and the phenomenological interview are presented, with an emphasis on the potential unifying qualities of an approach which includes the exploration of subjective and intersubjective experience. These phenomenological concepts and methods are contrasted with the current conceptualization of ASD, where the first-person perspective is not in focus.

Self-Disorders in Asperger Syndrome Compared to Schizotypal Disorder: A Clinical Study.

Objective: There are historical and theoretical indications of a difference in subjective experience between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the schizophrenia spectrum. However, this difference has not been empirically explored. Therefore, to explore potential differences in subjective experience between the 2 spectra, we examined the presence/absence of self-disorders in Asperger syndrome/autism spectrum disorder (As/ASD) compared to schizotypal disorder (Sd).

Older Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Sweden: A Register Study of Diagnoses, Psychiatric Care Utilization and Psychotropic Medication of 601 Individuals.

In a Swedish sample of persons eligible for disability services and aged 55 years or older in 2012, persons (n = 601) with autism spectrum disorder diagnoses registered in specialist care were identified. Register data concerning diagnoses of other psychiatric disorders, psychiatric care, and psychiatric medication were reviewed. More than 60% had been in contact with psychiatric care.

Psychiatric diagnoses in relation to severity of intellectual disability and challenging behaviors: a register study among older people.

Objective: To investigate the possible association between severity of intellectual disability (ID) and presence of challenging behavior, respectively, on diagnoses of psychiatric disorders among older people with ID.

Methods: People with a diagnosis of ID in inpatient or specialist outpatient care in 2002-2012 were identified (n = 2147; 611 with mild ID, 285 with moderate ID, 255 with severe or profound ID, and 996 with other/unspecified ID). Moreover, using impairment of behavior as a proxy for challenging behavior, 627 people with, and 1514 without such behavior were identified.

Psychiatric diagnoses in older people with intellectual disability in comparison with the general population: a register study.

Aims: To describe the occurrence of psychiatric diagnoses in a specialist care setting in older people with intellectual disability (ID) in relation to those found in the same age group in the general population.

Method: A cohort of people with ID (n = 7936), aged 55 years or more in 2012, was identified, as was an age and sex-matched cohort from the general population (n = 7936). Information regarding psychiatric diagnoses during 2002-2012 was collected from the National Patient Register, which contains records from all inpatient care episodes and outpatient specialist visits in Sweden.

Psychiatric care utilization among older people with intellectual disability in comparison with the general population: a register study.

Background: People with intellectual disability have been found to have higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders than the general population. However, they do not seem to have a corresponding increase in psychiatric care utilization. The aim of the present study was to investigate psychiatric care utilization among older people with intellectual disability.

Intellectual developmental disorder in adult psychiatry: A 24-year register study.

Background: Intellectual developmental disorder (IDD) may pre-dispose for mental health disorders. It is sometimes debated whether the needs of this group are adequately met in general psychiatry. However, little is known about patients with IDD in the psychiatric clinical setting-occurrence, clinical diagnoses, or service use.

[Adults with intellectual disability, a neglected group in health care].

Adults with intellectual developmental disorder are at considerable risk of somatic as well as psychiatric illness, but seldom have access to services on equal conditions as adults without intellectual developmental disorder. The symptoms of illness are often difficult to interpret, due to communication difficulties, and examinations may be difficult to carry out. Patients with moderate/severe/profound intellectual disability therefore need interpreters and to be given sufficient time when making clinic visits.

[ADHD should be given more attention--early interventions prevents unnecessary suffering].

ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental/neuropsychiatric disorder affecting about 5 percent of children. About 2-3 percent meet diagnostic criteria in adulthood as well. The core symptoms include inattention with or without hyperactivity/restlessness and impulsivity.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in adult psychiatry. A 20-year register study.

Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are increasingly recognized in adults. This study aimed to assess trends in diagnostic practice, diagnostic delay and comorbidity regarding ADHD and ASD in adult psychiatric patients.

Methods: Individuals with diagnosed ADHD or ASD were identified in an adult psychiatry register comprising 56,462 patients.

The Swedish version of the Ritvo autism and asperger diagnostic scale: revised (RAADS-R). A validation study of a rating scale for adults.

There is a paucity of diagnostic instruments for adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study evaluates the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Ritvo Autism and Asperger Diagnostic Scale-Revised (RAADS-R), an 80-item self-rating scale designed to assist clinicians diagnosing ASD in adults. It was administered to 75 adults with ASD and 197 comparison cases.

Sights of touching activates the somatosensory cortex in humans.

We report our observations of cross-modal interactions between sight and touch using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Experiments were devised to show that sight and touch are linked in a cross-modal arrangement, and two separate experiments were done in an MRI scanner. In the first, the subject's right hand was stimulated with a brush; in the second, a video sequence was presented to the subject inside the scanner through video goggles in visual three-dimensional stereo, showing one brushstroke every second on a hand in the same manner as the subject had just previously experienced.

ADHD in adult psychiatry. Minimum rates and clinical presentation in general psychiatry outpatients.

The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and comorbidity of persisting attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adult psychiatric outpatients. Consecutive patients, first visits excluded, at a general psychiatric outpatient clinic were offered a screening for childhood ADHD with the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS). One hundred and forty-one patients out of 398 (35%) completed and returned the scale.

Artificial sensibility of the hand based on cortical audiotactile interaction: a study using functional magnetic resonance imaging.

The capacity of the central nervous system for plastic alterations is the base for our ability to adapt to environmental needs. The crossmodal capacity of the brain makes interaction between senses possible, and deprivation of one sense leads to compensatory changes in other senses. We have recently shown how hearing can substitute for sensation in a transplanted insensitive hand by using a sensor glove equipped with small microphones that pick up the sound of friction, which is elicited by active touch.

Low prevalence of smoking in patients with autism spectrum disorders.

Psychiatric patients are significantly more often smokers than the general population, the only known exception being obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and catatonic schizophrenia. We have investigated nicotine use in subjects with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Ninety-five subjects (25 females and 70 males) consecutively diagnosed with any ASD and of normal intelligence were included in the study.

[Investigation of childhood neuropsychiatric disorders in adults often desirable. Functional disabilities can result in social maladjustment].

So-called child neuropsychiatric disorders (ADHD/DAMP, autism spectrum disorders, Tourette's syndrome) are being recognized with increasing frequency in child and adolescent psychiatry. Through follow-up studies, case reports and autobiographical accounts it has become evident that these disorders often persist into adulthood, and the need for diagnostic evaluation of adults is increasing. The Neuropsychiatric Diagnostic Team for Adults in Lund, Sweden, was established in 1998 to meet this need.