Upregulation of Apoptosis Related Genes in Clinically Normal Tongue Contralateral to Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tongue, an Effort to Maintain Tissue Homeostasis.

Purpose: The field cancerization concept indicates the presence of pre-cancerous changes in clinically normal tissue surrounding the tumor. In squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (SCCOT) which is infrequently linked to human papillomavirus infection, we have previously reported that clinically normal tongue contralateral to tumor (NTCT) is molecularly abnormal. Here, combining our transcriptomic and genomic data, we aimed to investigate the contribution of molecular changes in NTCT to cancer development.

Patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma and co‑existing diabetes exhibit lower recurrence rates and improved survival: Implications for treatment.

Locoregional recurrences and distant metastases are major problems for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Because SCCHN is a heterogeneous group of tumours with varying characteristics, the present study concentrated on the subgroup of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (SCCOT) to investigate the use of machine learning approaches to predict the risk of recurrence from routine clinical data available at diagnosis. The approach also identified the most important parameters that identify and classify recurrence risk.

Designing a youth-led Dialogue Forum tool: The CO-CREATE experience.

While obesity prevention represents an established field of research, the inclusion of young people, who are regularly cited as an important priority group, are rarely actioned in long-term studies. This paper focuses on the development of a dialogue tool intended to tackle this issue, engaging, and eliciting insights on the theme of obesity prevention, by young people and for young people. As part of the CO-CREATE project, this tool was co-developed by designers, public health, and youth participation experts, researchers, and young people.

Early detection of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue using multidimensional plasma protein analysis and interpretable machine learning.

Background: Interpretable machine learning (ML) for early detection of cancer has the potential to improve risk assessment and early intervention.

Methods: Data from 261 proteins related to inflammation and/or tumor processes in 123 blood samples collected from healthy persons, but of whom a sub-group later developed squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (SCCOT), were analyzed. Samples from people who developed SCCOT within less than 5 years were classified as tumor-to-be and all other samples as tumor-free.

Evidence for etiologic field changes in tongue distant from tumor in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue.

Oral cancer is a paradigm of Slaughter's concept of field cancerization, where tumors are thought to originate within an area of cells containing genetic alterations that predispose to cancer development. The field size is unclear but may represent a large area of tissue, and the origin of mutations is also unclear. Here, we analyzed whole exome and transcriptome features in contralateral tumor-distal tongue (i.

Antigen peptide transporters are upregulated in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue and show sex-specific associations with survival.

Transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1) and TAP2 serve pivotal roles in adaptive immunity. Tumor cells often show reduced antigen presentation on their surface as one mechanism to escape immune recognition. Whether downregulation of TAPs is a common mechanism of tumor immune evasion in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (SCCOT) is unclear.

Chlorite-Oxidized Oxyamylose (COAM) Has Antibacterial Activity and Positively Affects Skin Wound Healing.

Purpose: To verify the antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects of the amylose derivative - chlorite-oxidized oxyamylose (COAM) - in a skin wound setting.

Methods: In vitro antibacterial effects of COAM against opportunistic bacterial pathogens common to skin wounds, including and methicillin-resistant (MRSA), were determined by cultivation methods. The effects of COAM on myeloid cell infiltration into full thickness skin wounds were investigated in wild-type and in transgenic CXCR1-GFP mice.

Reiterative modeling of combined transcriptomic and proteomic features refines and improves the prediction of early recurrence in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck.

Background: Patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) have a high-risk of recurrence. We aimed to develop machine learning methods to identify transcriptomic and proteomic features that provide accurate classification models for predicting risk of early recurrence in SCCHN patients.

Methods: Clinical, genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic features distinguishing recurrence risk were examined in SCCHN patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

Mapping human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, and p16 in laryngeal cancer.

Purpose: Apart from tobacco and alcohol, viral infections are proposed as risk factors for laryngeal cancer. The occurrence of oncogenic viruses including human papilloma virus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) varies in the world. Carcinogenesis is a multi-step process, and the role of viruses in LSCC progression has not been clarified.

Variation in Plasma Levels of TRAF2 Protein During Development of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tongue.

As early detection is crucial for improvement of cancer prognosis, we searched for biomarkers in plasma from individuals who later developed squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (SCCOT) as well as in patients with an already established SCCOT. Levels of 261 proteins related to inflammation and/or tumor processes were measured using the proximity extension assay (PEA) in 179 plasma samples (42 collected before diagnosis of SCCOT with 81 matched controls; 28 collected at diagnosis of SCCOT with 28 matched controls). Statistical modeling tools principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square - discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied to provide insights into separations between groups.

High Levels of Low-Density Lipoproteins Correlate with Improved Survival in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck.

Circulating lipoproteins as risk factors or prognostic indicators for various cancers have been investigated previously; however, no clear consensus has been reached. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the impact of serum lipoproteins on the prognosis of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), triglycerides and lipoprotein(a) were measured in serum samples from 106 patients and 28 healthy controls.

Low potential of circulating interleukin 1 receptor antagonist as a prediction marker for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Background: Circulating markers are attractive molecules for prognosis and management of cancer that allow sequential monitoring of patients during and after treatment. Based on previous protein profiling data, circulating interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) was evaluated as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN). In this study, we aimed at confirming the clinical relevance of plasma IL-1Ra in SCCHN and exploring its potential as a prediction marker for SCCHN.

Comparison of Quality of Life among Patients with Oro-Hypopharyngeal Cancer after Tonsillectomy and Panscopy Using Transoral Robotic Surgery: A Pilot Study.

Studies have shown lower treatment-related morbidity when using transoral robotic surgery (TORS) compared to conventional surgery. Patients investigated for oro- and hypopharyngeal cancer (T1, T2) were compared concerning quality of life (QoL) after tonsillectomy and TORS using validated QoL questionnaires: QLQ-C30 and QLQ-H&N35. The patients treated with TORS showed a higher pain score and thus also a higher need for painkillers, whereas they had lower values on self-assessment of anxiety/depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score.

Comparison of Preoperative Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography with Panscopy and Ultrasound in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer.

Introduction: To compare data from preoperative positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with results of panscopy with biopsy and ultrasound with fine needle aspiration cytology (US-FNAC) on the same patients.

Methods: In this retrospective (2014-2016) study, we compared PET/CT results with the results from panscopy with biopsy and US-FNAC in patients suspected of head and neck malignancy treated at the University Hospital in Umeå, Sweden.

Results: A 91.

Downregulation of TAP1 in Tumor-Free Tongue Contralateral to Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tongue, an Indicator of Better Survival.

Oral cancers are surrounded by epithelium that histologically might seem normal, but genetically has aberrations. In patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (SCCOT), it is therefore important to study not only the tumor but also the clinically tumor-free contralateral tongue tissue that remains in the patient after treatment to map changes of prognostic and/or diagnostic value. The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) dimer is a key factor in the process of activating cytotoxic T cells.

Levels of MUC1 in tumours and serum of patients with different sub-types of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a membrane-bound and secreted glycoprotein that has a protective role in surface epithelia. We recently demonstrated that MUC1 mRNA expression was upregulated in tumour-free tongue tissues adjacent to squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (SCCOT) compared with that in the tumour tissues. The present study investigated MUC1 protein in SCCOT tissue and serum from patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) at different sub-sites.

PD-L1 in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue shows gender-specific association with prognosis.

Objective: To use alternative quantitation approaches to clarify the clinical implication of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (SCCOT).

Materials And Methods: Ventana SP263 immunohistochemistry assay and a multiplicative QuickScore method were applied to quantify PD-L1 in tumor and surrounding immune cells from 101 patients with SCCOT. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells were estimated from bulk tissue transcriptional profiles of 25 patients.

Keratin 36, a specific marker of tongue filiform papillae, is downregulated in squamous cell carcinoma of the mobile tongue.

Human keratin 36 (K36) is a member of the hair keratin family and is a marker of hair cortex differentiation. The human gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 17 and belongs to the cluster of structurally unrelated acidic hair keratins. Recently, it has been reported that mRNA is specifically expressed in normal tongue epithelium and downregulated in squamous cell carcinomas of the mobile tongue.

Low Epstein-Barr virus count in sinonasal inverted papilloma.

Sinonasal inverted papilloma (SIP) is a benign tumour originating from the sinonasal mucosa showing an extensive growth pattern, a high risk of recurrence and a 5-10% risk to malignify. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic herpesvirus which infects most individuals the saliva eliciting a latent infection. Previous studies have been reporting variable data on EBV in SIP, and there is no present appreciation regarding the association between these.

Absence of high-risk human papilloma virus in p16 positive inverted sinonasal papilloma.

Objectives: Sinonasal inverted papilloma (SIP) is a relatively rare disease, and its etiology is not understood. It is characterized by locally aggressive growth and a strong tendency to recur despite its benign histology.

Aims: The aim of this study was to identify the presence of human papilloma virus (HPV) and its surrogate marker p16 in SIP tissue samples from a regional cohort.

High podoplanin and low E-cadherin levels correlate with better prognosis in adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Objectives: As tumour spread is a complicating event for malignant salivary gland tumours, we decided to study factors related to cell adhesion and lymph vessel formation in two of the three most common malignant salivary gland tumours, mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), to clarify the clinical relevance and potential usefulness of these factors. We also included a group of polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) as this tumour, in common with ACC often shows perineural growth, but in contrast to ACC has an overall good prognosis.

Material And Methods: Eighteen patients with ACC, 15 with MEC, and six with PAC were included.

High immune cytolytic activity in tumor-free tongue tissue confers better prognosis in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue.

Immune cells and cytolytic activity within the tumor microenvironment are being intensively studied. Through transcriptome profiling, immune cell enumeration using the xCell tool and cytolytic activity quantification according to granzyme A (GZMA) and perforin (PRF1) mRNA levels, we investigated immunoreactivity in tumor and/or tumor-free tongue tissue samples from 31 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue and 14 healthy individuals (control tongue tissues). We found significantly altered immune cell compositions (p < 0.

Mapping of human papilloma virus, p16, and epstein-barr virus in non-malignant tonsillar disease.

Objectives: Due to their location in the entrance of the aero-digestive tract, tonsils are steadily exposed to viruses. Human papilloma virus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are two potentially oncogenic viruses that tonsils encounter. The incidence of HPV positive tonsillar cancer is on the rise and it is unknown when infection with HPV occurs.

, A Prognosis-Related Enhancer RNA in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck.

A growing number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been linked to squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). A subclass of lncRNAs, termed enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), are derived from enhancer regions and could contribute to enhancer function. In this study, we developed an integrated data analysis approach to identify key eRNAs in SCCHN.