Perioperative methadone compared to placebo in elderly hip fracture patients: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (MetaHip trial).

Background: Hip fractures are a source of severe pain among the elderly population and pose challenges due to limited analgesic tolerance. Perioperative methadone has shown promise in our pilot study suggesting a safe dose of 0.10 mg/kg, prompting further investigation into its benefits for elderly hip fracture patients.

Adjusting perioperative methadone dose for elderly and fragile hip fracture patients (MetaHip-trial) - A statistical analysis plan for an adaptive dose-finding trial.

Background: The elderly population is expanding globally. This gives numerous challenges especially regarding hip fracture patients. In the US alone over 300.

Extensive characterization of a Williams syndrome murine model shows Gtf2ird1-mediated rescue of select sensorimotor tasks, but no effect on enhanced social behavior.

Williams syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder exhibiting cognitive and behavioral abnormalities, including increased social motivation, risk of anxiety and specific phobias along with perturbed motor function. Williams syndrome is caused by a microdeletion of 26-28 genes on chromosome 7, including GTF2IRD1, which encodes a transcription factor suggested to play a role in the behavioral profile of Williams syndrome. Duplications of the full region also lead to frequent autism diagnosis, social phobias and language delay.

Extensive characterization of a Williams Syndrome murine model shows -mediated rescue of select sensorimotor tasks, but no effect on enhanced social behavior.

Williams Syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder exhibiting cognitive and behavioral abnormalities, including increased social motivation, risk of anxiety and specific phobias along with perturbed motor function. Williams Syndrome is caused by a microdeletion of 26-28 genes on chromosome 7, including , which encodes a transcription factor suggested to play a role in the behavioral profile of Williams Syndrome. Duplications of the full region also lead to frequent autism diagnosis, social phobias, and language delay.

Activity-dependent translation dynamically alters the proteome of the perisynaptic astrocyte process.

Within eukaryotic cells, translation is regulated independent of transcription, enabling nuanced, localized, and rapid responses to stimuli. Neurons respond transcriptionally and translationally to synaptic activity. Although transcriptional responses are documented in astrocytes, here we test whether astrocytes have programmed translational responses.

Oxytocin receptor activation does not mediate associative fear deficits in a Williams Syndrome model.

Williams Syndrome results in distinct behavioral phenotypes, which include learning deficits, anxiety, increased phobias and hypersociability. While the underlying mechanisms driving this subset of phenotypes is unknown, oxytocin (OT) dysregulation is hypothesized to be involved as some studies have shown elevated blood OT and altered OT receptor expression in patients. A "Complete Deletion" (CD) mouse, modeling the hemizygous deletion in Williams Syndrome, recapitulates many of the phenotypes present in humans.

Ethyl Pyruvate Increases Post-Ischemic Levels of Mitochondrial Energy Metabolites: A C-Labeled Cerebral Microdialysis Study.

Mitochondrial dysfunction after transient cerebral ischemia can be monitored by cerebral microdialysis (CMD) using changes in the lactate and pyruvate concentrations and ratio. Other metabolites associated with mitochondrial (dys)function are, e.g.

Functions of Gtf2i and Gtf2ird1 in the developing brain: transcription, DNA binding and long-term behavioral consequences.

Gtf2ird1 and Gtf2i are two transcription factors (TFs) among the 28 genes deleted in Williams syndrome, and prior mouse models of each TF show behavioral phenotypes. Here we identify their genomic binding sites in the developing brain and test for additive effects of their mutation on transcription and behavior. GTF2IRD1 binding targets were enriched for transcriptional and chromatin regulators and mediators of ubiquitination.

A Prospective Observational Feasibility Study of Jugular Bulb Microdialysis in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background: Cerebral metabolic perturbations are common in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Monitoring cerebral metabolism with intracerebral microdialysis (CMD) allows early detection of secondary injury and may guide decisions on neurocritical care interventions, affecting outcome. However, CMD is a regional measuring technique that is influenced by proximity to focal lesions.

In Vivo Microdialysis of Endogenous and C-labeled TCA Metabolites in Rat Brain: Reversible and Persistent Effects of Mitochondrial Inhibition and Transient Cerebral Ischemia.

Cerebral micro-dialysis allows continuous sampling of extracellular metabolites, including glucose, lactate and pyruvate. Transient ischemic events cause a rapid drop in glucose and a rise in lactate levels. Following such events, the lactate/pyruvate (L/P) ratio may remain elevated for a prolonged period of time.

Erroneous inference based on a lack of preference within one group: Autism, mice, and the social approach task.

The Social Approach Task is commonly used to identify sociability deficits when modeling liability factors for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in mice. It was developed to expand upon existing assays to examine distinct aspects of social behavior in rodents and has become a standard component of mouse ASD-relevant phenotyping pipelines. However, there is variability in the statistical analysis and interpretation of results from this task.

Cyclosporin A ameliorates cerebral oxidative metabolism and infarct size in the endothelin-1 rat model of transient cerebral ischaemia.

Cerebral microdialysis can be used to detect mitochondrial dysfunction, a potential target of neuroprotective treatment. Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a mitochondrial stabiliser that in a recent clinical stroke trial showed protective potential in patients with successful recanalisation. To investigate specific metabolic effects of CsA during reperfusion, and hypothesising that microdialysis values can be used as a proxy outcome measure, we assessed the temporal patterns of cerebral energy substrates related to oxidative metabolism in a model of transient focal ischaemia.

Femoral cam deformity due to anterior capsular force: A theoretical model with MRI and cadaveric correlation.

Background: Cam deformity is associated with epiphyseal extension onto the anterosuperior femoral head-neck before physeal closure. A century ago, anatomists speculated that this femoral prominence acts as a pulley bar to withstand capsular compression in hip extension with pressure concentrated where the zona orbicularis (ZO) joins the iliofemoral ligament (IFL). An animal model has shown that growth plates deflect laterally and distally when exposed to forces perpendicular to growth.

VAVD vacuum may cause bubble transgression in membrane oxygenators.

Background:: Vacuum-assisted venous drainage (VAVD) is widely used to enhance venous blood return from patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This vacuum can accidentally reach the oxygenator of the heart-lung machine and draw gas bubbles into the blood. This is known as bubble transgression (BT) and may cause air emboli in the arterial blood line.

HealthWorks: results of a multi-component group-randomized worksite environmental intervention trial for weight gain prevention.

Background: U.S. adults are at unprecedented risk of becoming overweight or obese, and most scientists believe the primary cause is an obesogenic environment.

Strategies to retain participants in a long-term HIV prevention randomized controlled trial: lessons from the MINTS-II study.

Achieving satisfactory retention in online HIV prevention trials typically has proven difficult, particularly over extended timeframes. The overall aim of this study was to assess factors associated with retention in the Men's INTernet Study II (MINTS-II), a randomized controlled trial of a sexual risk reduction intervention for men who have sex with men. Participants were recruited via e-mails and banner advertisements in December, 2007 to participate in the MINTS-II Sexpulse intervention and followed over a 12-month period.

Reducing HIV risk behavior of men who have sex with men through persuasive computing: results of the Men's INTernet Study-II.

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to develop and test a highly interactive Internet-based HIV prevention intervention for men who have sex with men (MSM). MSM remain the group at highest risk for HIV/AIDS in the United States and similar countries. As the Internet becomes popular for seeking sex, online interventions to reduce sexual risk are critical.

Incidence and risk factors for newborn umbilical cord infections on Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania.

Background: Few community-based data exist on the frequency of cord infection signs in low resource settings, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. We developed simple sign-based definitions of omphalitis and estimated incidence and risk factors for infection over a range of severity among neonates in Pemba, Zanzibar, Tanzania.

Methods: Infants' umbilical stump was assessed on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 after birth for presence of pus, redness, swelling, and foul odor.

Tumour location is a prognostic factor for survival in colonic cancer patients.

Objective: To evaluate survival and prognostic factors in a consecutive series of colon cancer patients from a defined city population in Norway.

Method: All patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon diagnosed between 1993 and 2000 were registered prospectively. Five-year actuarial survival and 5-year relative survival rates were calculated.

The effect of collagenase and hyaluronidase on transient perfusion in human osteosarcoma xenografts grown orthotopically and in dorsal skinfold chambers.

Background: Collagenase and hyaluronidase are enzymes which degrade the extracellular matrix and increase the uptake and improve the distribution of therapeutic macromolecules in tumours. The purpose of the present work was to investigate whether collagenase or hyaluronidase had any effects on transient perfusion and/or changes in vascular areas.

Materials And Methods: The effects were studied in human osteosarcomas in BALB/c nu/nu mice growing orthotopically around and infiltrating the femurs, and in dorsal skinfold chambers using confocal laser scanning microscopy.

Relative electron dosimetry using the Scanditronix-Wellhöfer Beam Imaging System-2G.

The Beam Imaging System 2G (BIS-2G) from Scanditronix-Wellhöfer is a two-dimensional (2D) charge-coupled device (CCD)-camera that measures the scintillation light produced by incident radiation. We examined the performance of the BIS-2G as a tool in quality control of patient boluses. In an attempt to simplify the production of the patient boluses, bolus edges were built as staircases and the dose distributions were measured and compared to the dose profiles below corresponding sloped bolus edges.

Preoperative radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma.

Background: The existing randomized evidence has failed to conclusively demonstrate the benefit or otherwise of preoperative radiotherapy in treating patients with potentially resectable esophageal carcinoma.

Objectives: This meta-analysis aimed to assess whether there is benefit from adding radiotherapy prior to surgery and whether or not any pre-defined patient subgroups benefit more or less from preoperative radiotherapy

Search Strategy: MEDLINE and CancerLit searches were supplemented by information from trial registers and by hand searching relevant meeting proceedings and by discussion with relevant trialists, organisations and industry. The search strategy was run again in MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library on 30th April 2001, two years after original publication.

Anastomotic leak following mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: true incidence and diagnostic challenges.

Objective: Anastomotic leakage is a potentially serious complication of low anterior resection which may be accompanied by clinical symptoms (clinical leak) or may be silent (subclinical leak). In this study the true incidence of the complication was evaluated, and the diagnostic accuracy of clinical symptoms, conventional rectal radiography (CRR) and computed tomography (CT) was compared.

Patients And Methods: Fifty-six consecutive patients were included in a prospective trial.

Measurements and treatment planning calculations of electron dose distributions below bolus edges.

Electron dose distributions below bolus edges of various thicknesses and angles were measured using a diode in a water phantom. The measurements were compared with treatment planning calculations using the gamma method. Below 5 mm boluses, the dose variations were acceptable for all angles, while for boluses thicker than 5mm, the lowest edge gave the smallest dose variations.