Long-term effects of integrated rehabilitation in patients with stroke: a nonrandomized comparative feasibility study.

Background And Purpose: Integrated rehabilitation (IR) in patients with stroke with respect to death rate and feasibility, initiated as a reduced death rate, was observed in patients with angina pectoris receiving IR.

Design: A case-control study included 73 consecutive patients with ischemic stroke. Death rates were compared with those of the general Danish population matched for age, gender, and observation period, as well as data from the community-based Copenhagen Stroke Study.

Long-term effects of integrated rehabilitation in patients with advanced angina pectoris: a nonrandomized comparative study.

Objectives: An evaluation of Integrative Rehabilitation (IR) of patients with angina pectoris with respect to death rate, the need for invasive treatment, and cost effectiveness.

Design: A report from a clinical database. Death rates were compared to those of the general Danish population matched for age, gender, and observation period, as well as with data from the literature concerning medical and invasive treatments.

Addition of acupuncture and self-care education in the treatment of patients with severe angina pectoris may be cost beneficial: an open, prospective study.

Objectives: A cost-benefit analysis of acupuncture and self-care education in the treatment of patients with angina pectoris.

Design: An open prospective study on an unselected group of patients. For comparison of risk three control groups were used: (1) published data concerning medical and invasive treatments; (2) an age- and sex matched group obtained from a randomly selected Danish population of 14,000 people; and (3) the 211 patients in this group with angina pectoris symptoms.

Longevity and gray hair, baldness, facial wrinkles, and arcus senilis in 13,000 men and women: the Copenhagen City Heart Study.

Background: We have previously reported that men who look older than their contemporaries have a significantly higher risk for myocardial infarction. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether persons with pronounced aging signs such as graying of hair, baldness, or facial wrinkles are prone to a shorter life span compared to their contemporaries.

Methods: In the Copenhagen City Heart Study comprising a random sample of 20,000 men and women, we also recorded, in addition to cardiovascular risk factors, data on signs of aging: extent of gray hair, baldness, facial wrinkles, and arcus senilis (corneal arcus).

[Risk factors of death and hospitalization due to pneumonia. Results from the Osterbro study].

The aim of this study was to identify possible risk indicators for pneumonia leading to death and hospitalisation in the general population. We followed 6,158 men and 7,265 women aged 30-70 years, who participated in the Copenhagen City Heart Study, a prospective population study, for approximately 12 years with regard to mortality and hospital admissions for pneumonia. A total of 260 deaths with pneumonia as main or contributory death cause had occurred, and 405 subjects had been admitted to hospital at least once because of pneumonia.

Influence of systolic and diastolic blood pressure on stroke risk: a prospective observational study.

The purpose of this study was to estimate the influence of systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) on stroke risk. The Copenhagen City Heart Study is a prospective survey of 19,698 women and men who were invited to two cardiovascular examinations at 5-year intervals. Blood pressure was measured in participants once at each examination, together with other variables.

Gray hair, baldness, and wrinkles in relation to myocardial infarction: the Copenhagen City Heart Study.

To investigate a possible relation between aging signs such as graying of the hair, baldness, and facial wrinkling and myocardial infarction (MI), we analyzed data from The Copenhagen City Heart Study. During the 12-year follow-up, 750 cases of first-time MI were observed. After statistical adjustment for possible confounders, we found a correlation between graying of the hair, facial wrinkling, and frontoparietal baldness and crown-top baldness and MI in men.

Risk factors for death and hospitalization from pneumonia. A prospective study of a general population.

The aim of this study was to identify possible risk indicators for pneumonia leading to death and hospitalization in the general population. We followed 6,158 men and 7,265 women aged 30-70 years, who participated in the Copenhagen City Heart Study, a prospective population study, for 12 years with regard to mortality and hospital admissions for pneumonia. A total of 260 deaths with pneumonia as main or contributory death cause had occurred, and 405 subjects had been admitted to hospital at least once because of pneumonia.

[Plasma total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides as risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases. A 12-year follow-up by the Osterbro survey].

The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of plasma total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides on risk of cerebrovascular disease. The Copenhagen City Heart Study is a prospective population study with 14.223 and 12.

Lung mucociliary clearance.

The aim of this study was to establish reference values for mucociliary clearance and mucociliary clearance reserve capacity as determined by beta 2-adrenergic agonist-induced increase in mucociliary clearance. We studied 62 healthy females (n = 33) and males (n = 29). Their ages ranged evenly between 18 and 84 years.

Influence of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides on risk of cerebrovascular disease: the Copenhagen City Heart Study.

Objective: To estimate the influence of plasma total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides on risk of cerebrovascular disease.

Design: The Copenhagen City Heart Study is a prospective observational survey with two cardiovascular examinations at five year intervals. Non-fasting plasma lipids were measured in participants once at each examination, along with other variables.

Lifestyle factors and risk of cerebrovascular disease in women. The Copenhagen City Heart Study.

Background And Purpose: The purpose of the present analysis was to determine how lifestyle influences the risk of cerebrovascular disease in women participating in the Copenhagen City Heart Study.

Methods: A random sample of a white, lower and middle-class, urban population selected in 1976 was invited to two cardiovascular examinations at 5-year intervals. The present analysis was based on 7060 women invited to an initial examination from 1976 through 1978, aged 35 years or more, and without previous stroke or transient ischemic attack.

[Tobacco, lung cancer and chronic obstructive lung disease. Results from the Osterbro study].

Data from The Copenhagen City Heart Study, a prospective population study, were analysed to investigate the influence of the type of tobacco and inhalation on mortality from lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The study sample comprised 2986 plain cigarette smokers, 3222 filter cigarette smokers, 1578 smokers of cheroots/cigars, 433 male pipe smokers and 773 smokers smoking more than one type of tobacco. From 1976 to the end of 1989 we observed 268 deaths from lung cancer and 195 deaths, where COPD was considered as either the main or the contributory cause of death.

Risk factors for stroke in Copenhagen, Denmark. II. Life-style factors.

The objective of the present work was to identify independent life-style factors for stroke and to estimate their causal contribution. The study is based on a random sample of the Copenhagen population selected in 1976 and stratified by age. The present analysis includes 12,961 subjects examined initially, aged 35 or over and without a previous cerebrovascular event, for whom information about life-style factors was recorded between 1976 and 1978.

Risk factors for stroke in Copenhagen, Denmark. I. Basic demographic and social factors.

The Copenhagen City Heart Study is a prospective study based on a randomly selected sample of an urban population of, initially, 19,698 participants followed since 1976. Risk factor analysis was based on the initial examination of 13,000 persons > or = 35 years old without previous stroke who responded to the first invitation. In the period 1976-1988, 696 initial cases were identified: 584 strokes, 106 transient ischemic attacks and 6 retinal-artery occlusions.

Relationship of the type of tobacco and inhalation pattern to pulmonary and total mortality.

Data from The Copenhagen City Heart Study, a prospective population study, were analysed to investigate the influence of the type of tobacco and inhalation on pulmonary and total mortality. The study sample comprised 6,511 men and 7,703 women, selected randomly after age-stratification from the general population. There were 2,986 plain cigarette smokers, 3,222 filter cigarette smokers, 1,578 smokers of cheroots/cigars, 433 male pipe smokers and 773 subjects smoking more than one type of tobacco.

Risk factor analysis for atrophic and exudative age-related macular degeneration. An epidemiological study of 1000 aged individuals.

The relationship between age-related macular degeneration and cardiovascular risk factors and certain life-style factors, collected in the Copenhagen City Heart Study (1981-83), was studied by multiple logistic regression analysis. The ophthalmological study sample comprised 1000 randomly selected persons aged 60 to 80 years. Separate analyses were made for the atrophic and the exudative forms of age-related macular degeneration.

Stroke incidence in Copenhagen, 1976-1988.

Background And Purpose: Temporal trends in stroke incidence in Denmark have not been previously reported. The Copenhagen City Heart Study is a prospective study based on a randomly selected sample of an urban population of, initially, 19,698 participants followed since 1976. Over a period of 12 years, we studied three important aspects of stroke incidence in 848 identified cases: temporal trends, dependence on age and sex, and comparison of responders and nonresponders.

Recurrent wheezing in relation to environmental risk factors in infancy. A prospective study of 276 infants.

Clinical course and environmental factors were recorded in a prospective study of 276 unselected infants followed from birth to the age of 18 months. The study was performed with a questionnaire at the age of 6 and 12 months and a physical examination at 18 months. Fifty-nine (21%) of the children had greater than or equal to 2 episodes of wheezing before they were 18 months old.

Ventilatory function impairment and risk of cardiovascular death and of fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction.

The relationship of ventilatory function to cardiovascular events was studied in 12,511 men and women, enrolled in 1976-1978 in a prospective population study. Until the end of 1983, 388 subjects died because of a cardiovascular disease, 133 died within 30 days of developing myocardial infarction (fatal myocardial infarction), while 238 had a non-fatal myocardial infarction. Cox proportional hazards models were employed for the analysis.

[Various types of tobacco smoking and development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Results from the Osterbro study].

On the basis of the Osterbro investigation (Copenhagen City Heart Study) which includes several thousand smokers and non-smokers, the authors have analysed the risk of developing chronic mucus hypersecretion and decrease in forced expiration volume in the first second of expiration (FEV1) in the course of a five-year period in the following groups: non-smokers, smokers of cigarettes without filters, smokers of filter cigarettes, smokers of cigarillos/cigars and pipe smokers. All of the types of tobacco investigated led to increased loss of pulmonary function and to increased risk of development of mucus hypersecretion as compared with non-smokers. The differences between the injurious effects of the types of tobacco were limited and were probably due to different inhalation habits in the various groups of smokers.

Smoking and the risk of first acute myocardial infarction.

When analyzing risk factors for first acute myocardial infarction in the Copenhagen City Heart Study, a large prospective population study of 20,000 men and women, smoking was found to influence risk significantly in a dose-dependent manner, the risk increasing 2% to 3% for each gram of tobacco smoked daily. Risk was particularly associated with inhalation, the risk for inhalers being almost twice that of noninhalers. No difference in risk could be demonstrated between various types of tobacco (pipe, cigar/cheroots, or plain and filtered cigarettes).

Aortic valve replacement with the Lillehei-Kaster prosthesis in 262 patients: an assessment after 9 to 17 years.

A 9 to 17-year follow-up after aortic valve replacement with the Lillehei-Kaster prosthesis was carried out in 262 patients with a mean age of 53 years. All patients were traced. The operative mortality was 7.

Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in Copenhagen, II: Smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, obesity, oral contraception, diabetes, lipids, and blood pressure.

The Copenhagen City Heart Study is a prospective cardiovascular population study designed to evaluate incidence of, and risk factors for, cardiovascular disease. A random sample, comprising approximately 20,000 people, were invited to participate. Initial information about potential risk factors was collected during 1976-78 (attendance rate 74%); data about 389 new cases of first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was obtained from a second survey in 1981-83, as well as from hospital and death registers up to 31 December 1983.

[Does smoking increase the degree of wrinkles on the face? The Osterbro study].

In order to illustrate whether there is a connection between smoking and the degree of wrinkles on the face, the authors investigated an age-stratified random sample of 4,485 women and 2,485 men aged 40-69 years. The degree of wrinkles lateral to the canthus of the right eye was described without the investigator being aware of the smoking habits of the individual concerned. For both sexes, the prevalence of deep wrinkles increased with increasing age and with decreasing household income but no significant association with body mass index was demonstrated.