New Imaging Techniques on the Horizon to Study Overactive and Neurogenic Bladder.

Purpose Of Review: This review will focus on the current usage and the potential future applications of new imaging techniques on the horizon to study overactive and neurogenic bladder.

Recent Findings: Bladder Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used to non-invasively identify bladder outlet obstruction, detrusor overactivity, and other forms of voiding dysfunction, but motion artifact has been a limiting factor preventing widespread adaptation. However, newer NIRS units employ accelerometers which enable isolation and splicing of motion and on-going studies show renewed promise for bladder NIRS.

Natural killer cells and pigment epithelial-derived factor control the infiltrative and nodular growth of hepatic metastases in an Orthotopic murine model of ocular melanoma.

Background: Metastases account for 90% of all cancer-related deaths, becoming a therapeutic problem. Approximately 50% of all uveal melanoma (UM) patients will develop metastases, mainly in the liver. Post-mortem analyses of livers from metastatic UM patients showed two different metastatic growth patterns: infiltrative and nodular.